2018年12月22日 星期六

香港發明電動車手提充電器

香港研發 輕巧方便 電動車手提充電器揚威國際

2018-07-13 轉載自:   http://hd.stheadline.com/news/daily/hk/684103
「手提式電動車充電器」獲頒「第四十六屆日內瓦國際發明展評判團特別嘉許金獎」
電動車充電設備不足，是令車主或司機苦惱的問題。生產力促進局汽車零部件研發中心最近成功研發「手提式電動車充電系統」，停車場只需安裝較傳統充電設施便宜九成的專用電源插座，配合電動車司機所購買的約三千元手提式充電器，便能為電動車進行中速充電。新研發的專用電源插座，體積較傳統的壁掛式充電設施細三分之一，猶如紙巾盒般，安裝及維修更方便，希望能吸引停車場提供更多充電車位。

        新研發獲頒「第四十六屆日內瓦國際發明展評判團特別嘉許金獎」。負責研發的生產力促進局汽車零部件研發中心項目總經理潘志健表示，目前本港電動車的充電制式主要採用歐洲標準和美國標準，兩者均設中速充電和快速充電，傳統中速壁掛式充電設施的體積如高跟鞋盒般，由零電量至充滿電需時四小時，每部充電器售價約一萬元至二萬元；而快速充電器，充滿電只需一小時，惟外形有如四門雪櫃般大，售價高達二十萬至三十萬元。因此，在本港市場以中速充電設施較普及。

　　他續稱，截至今年四月三十日，本港有約一萬一千二百部私家車電動車，但僅得二千多個充電站，電動車與充電站的比例約為四比一；若要令電動車普及化，必須將有關比例提升至二比一，即需額外增加三千至四千個充電站，惟大量增加充電站不是易事，除因目前的中速充電器成本高外，聘請合資格安裝師傅亦十分困難，如要在屋苑停車場大量安裝更難以獲業主立案法團通過。因此，他便開始構思，如每名電動車車主均擁有一個充電器，只需配合小型兼低成本的統一電源插座，相信便可大大提升電動車充電的方便度。

專用插座成本僅二千元

　　潘志健花了一年時間研究，通過改變傳統壁掛式的充電器設計和換上細小的零件，終於成功研發「手提式電動車充電系統」。新研發能通過無線認證與專用的電源插座配合使用，停車場只需安裝成本約一千元至二千元的專用電源插座，透過電動車司機所購買的約三千元手提式充電器，便能為電動車進行中速充電，四小時可充滿電。新研發的專用電源插座，體積較傳統的壁掛式充電設施細三分之一，重量僅六千克，是傳統的一半，而成本更只是傳統的一成，而且安裝和維修更方便，停車場亦因而能夠提供更多充電車位。

　　他坦言，希望通過降低電動車充電器的「門檻」，為電動車車主、停車場等提高方便性。新研發已通過歐盟的安全標準認證，現正與客戶商討定價事宜，初定電動車車主須購買的充電器售價為三千元，另每月繳付六百元可獲三十小時充電器，目前已有商場停車場已開始試用。

 潘志健聯絡網址: https://www.hkpc.org/zh-HK/contact-us

 延伸閱讀:  https://www.evgohk.com/gocharge



智能流動電動車充電系統等同大型「尿袋」！香港汽車會會員免費試用   https://www.evgohk.com/single-post/2018/03/23/智能流動電動車充電系統-香港汽車會會員免費試用  23 March 2018



智能流動電動車充電系統即將供香港汽車會會員，免費試用。EVgoHK 日前已預告過，香港生產力促進局屬下的汽車零部件研發中心，將會夥拍香港汽車會，就其研發的智能流動電動車充電系統，推出試用計劃。今日，雙方舉行發布會，正式公布這個如同大型流動電動車「尿袋」的免費試用計劃詳情。

雙方公布，智能流動電動車充電系統免費試用計劃將由 2018 年 4 月 9 日起，為期一年，惟只供香港汽車會會員免費試用。想入會？優越會籍入會費 HK$300，年費 HK$1,180。若要預約或查詢「智能流動電動車充電系統」服務，可致電 9688 3896 / 3583 3636。與此同時，汽車零部件研發中心會提供一部 50 千瓦電動車快速充電站，設於香港汽車會的油麻地辦事處，供其會員免費使用。

支援不同充電插頭

智能流動電動車充電系統由一部 Maxus V80 客貨車運載，只要這架客貨車能駕駛到的地方，理論上就可以為「無電」的電動車救車充電。官方資料顯示，系統為電動車充電 4 分鐘，即可為電動車補充 20 公里的續航力，讓電動車可以行駛至最近的充電站繼續充電。

智能流動電動車充電系統是由政府的「創新及科技基金」資助，系統採用鋰電池供電，毋須接駁電網，曾在「第 44 屆日內瓦國際發明展」中榮獲銀獎。流動充電系統設有多個充電介面，包括日本快速充電 CHAdeMO（使用車款包括日產 Leaf，Tesla Model S 等亦兼容這規格）、歐洲快充 IEC Combined Charging System（CCS）（使用車款包括 VW e-Golf、Hyundai IONIQ Electric 等）、以及 IEC61296/ SAE J1772l 中速充電等。智能流動電動車充電系統每次只可為一部電動車充電。

報道：Jeff @ EVgoHK
來源：EVgoHK、香港生產力促進局（相片提供）
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香港Dr. Ray 的急症室迎送生涯

《香港人，真的不要病，也不要老》轉載自: https://www.facebook.com/dr.ray.on.call/posts/香港人真的不要病也不要老剛過了中秋節沒多久早晚開始有點清風涼意中午還有點炎熱這是我最喜歡的天氣然而我們卻已經迎來了入院壅塞admission-block的困境所/1113616678779398

剛過了中秋節沒多久，早晚開始有點清風涼意，中午還有點炎熱，這是我最喜歡的天氣。
然而，我們卻已經迎來了入院壅塞（Admission Block）的困境。
所謂的入院壅塞，是指病人經急症室醫生診治後，判定需要入院觀察治療；但由於有關科別病房床位爆滿，病人就此滯留在急症室等候區或走廊，暫時由急症室的醫護人員照顧。
用「難民營」來形容這種情況，絕對不算誇張，我相信曾經不幸造訪急症室的讀者們，一定會同意我的說法。
病人沒私隱，沒尊嚴，吃的拉的，就只有在那張兩尺半的輪床上，行李就放在床下、吃飯就在床欄之間架一塊膠板。
如果我是一個失智的老人家，而閣下有幸睡我的鄰床，我絕對可以輕鬆地用手抓一把大便，直接抹在你的臉上，連扔的氣力也可以省掉——可想而知床與床之間有多窄。
急症室不會關燈，廣播也不會停止，試問病人怎可能好好休息呢？
遠的不說，就只說今天中午：內科普通、內科發燒、外科和骨科都爆滿了。
滯留的病人超過 40 位，等待最少 10 個小時。
這樣的情境年復一年，小弟每年都在說，就連自己都覺得不厭其煩。
但是，如此難熬的日子，愈來愈多，也愈來愈差。
我不敢說院方是坐視不理，始終也嘗試過爭扎一下，不過，我覺得那些措施只是杯水車薪，更給人一種束手無策、愛莫能助、無能為力的感覺。
三年前，醫院曾經皇恩浩蕩，加開急症科病房乙間，增添45張床位接收病人，由急症科派員照顧。
滯留在急症室等床的情況，的確大幅改善過⋯⋯一年半載，然後到去年的夏季峰潮，結果又打回原形。
我們實在沒有任何緩衝的空間，因為急症室的醫護同時需要照顧在「後園」滯留的病人，實在分身不暇去面對「前門」的新症。
平日都已經如此捉襟見肘，若然不幸遇上大型事故，再加上大量傷患的話，後果實在難以想像。
縱有所謂的新型診治過程，縮短病人見醫生的等候時間；但見醫生後的等待時間，卻是沒有減少過。
可憐親愛的護士們，就會淪為病人與家屬的發洩對象：「到底在等甚麼？要等到何時？」
單是解釋這個奇特的現象，就已經花上了一半的工作時間。
我不是怪病人和家屬，因為醫患皆是這困境之下的受害者。
年輕人，到底是甚麼可以驅使你，能夠在這個惡劣的環境中工作下去呢？是愛丫，還是責任呢？
也許頭幾年，年輕人仍然能夠窮盡愛和責任，留在公立醫院去照顧病人。
但當年復年、月復月、日復日，都是同樣看不到盡頭的悲慘境地時，隨著年月漸長，大家一定想良禽擇木而棲：為甚麼我不另謀高就，留更多時間和精力給家人呢？
今年過了大半，已經有兩位專科醫生離開；至於護士，走十個八個一定少不了——約一半有三年以上經驗。
話音剛落，今天又聽聞四位抽血員準備遞信，其中三位是今年才來的新人，再加上年頭走的兩位，屈指一算，今年走的夠坐一部小巴了。
香港公私營醫療制度失衡，是人盡皆知的事實。
時間就是金錢，金錢就是時間；要麼就等很久，要麼就付很多——沒有那一種中間著墨，合理時間、合理金錢的烏托幫。
我不是要批評保險制度，或者私營醫療；而我作為醫生，也有購買醫療危疾保險。
但是，保險的保障範圍始終也有上限，而私立醫院需要自負盈虧，在保險條款以外的項目，也確實令病人難以負擔。
再者，不少老人家也沒有購買保險，現在保險公司固然很難受保、或者需要付上高昂的保費。
如此這般，公立醫院就成為了香港人最後的一張安全網。
只可惜，這張網已經千瘡百孔，瀕臨土崩瓦解的邊緣。
我診治過一位退休的公立醫院老醫生。
他對曾經貢獻一生服務過的這間大醫院很有情意結，也心知這裡的後輩「好打得」，所以回來求診。
當然，他也享有免費醫療和入住二等房的福利。
但無可奈何的是，私家房爆滿了，就連普通病房的廁所位也沒有，所以只能夠在急症室的走廊待上一夜。
所以啊——香港人，真的不要病，也不要老。
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馬斯克Musk的人手裝嵌電動車(自動駕駛)

馬斯克在加州的二條生產線不敷應用, 用21天給停車場裝止一排大帳蓬, 權充第三條生產線, 每星期生產5000輛Model 3(充電一次行走482公里), 10 月首次錄得贏利.  與宣傳片上不同, 這第三條生產線上人頭湧湧, 獨缺機械臂(經常壞及不可靠,索性不用). 馬斯克也身先士卒, 最高記錄每星期120小時在那裏指指點點說了算, 實行勞動密集並當上指揮, 並聲言 Tesla所有的專利均向世界開放, 歡迎抄襲. 
普及化的電動車Model 3:首先生產長續航距離電池（續航距離達498公里）、後輪驅動和備有尊享升級組合版本的Model 3，定價為US$49,000起。配備標準電池（續航距離達353公里）的標準配置Model 3，將於2018年底推出，定價為US$35,000起。  

 Musk opens up to Lesley Stahl about Twitter, pot, the Securities and Exchange Commission, Model 3 and Tesla        Source:   https://www.cbsnews.com/news/tesla-ceo-elon-musk-the-2018-60-minutes-interview  (Video available 有片)

Elon Musk, the CEO of the electric car company Tesla, has been called a genius, a visionary. But this year he got less noticed for his brilliance than his behavior, with stories about self-inflicted wounds: like capricious tweeting and public pot smoking. The 47-year-old billionaire has said 2018 has been "excruciating," "the most… painful year of my career."

 When he joined as co-founder of the company 14 years ago, he had no experience in the auto industry. He was guided by a dream: to build cars that don't harm the environment in an effort to save the planet. But this year Musk had to save his company. Tesla had been losing money for nearly its entire existence, its debt is in the billions, and it was bleeding cash. Everything was riding on its ability to mass produce its new sedan: the Model 3, an affordable so-called "everyman" car.

 But over the summer, when Elon Musk was in "production hell," as he called it, working round the clock to make enough Model 3s to show a profit, he began acting, well, weird.
Lesley Stahl: There are people who say that the company cannot survive without you. And--
Elon Musk: Oh, I don't think that's true. Yeah.
Lesley Stahl: --there are people who say the company cannot survive with you.
Elon Musk: Hah hah. That's hilarious.
Lesley Stahl: They say it's because of the way you acted over the summer doing things that seemed impulsive, un-CEO-ish?
Elon Musk: Well, first of all, I, I am somewhat impulsive. And I didn't really want to try to adhere to some CEO template.
Well, he certainly accomplished that. Especially this past year when he began picking needless fights on social media. He called a diver of the Thai cave rescue a "pedo" as in pedophile. He sold 20,000 flamethrowers online and he smoked weed during a podcast.
Lesley Stahl: What about the pot?
Elon Musk: I do not smoke pot, as anyone who watched that podcast could tell, I have no idea how to smoke pot. Or anything. I don't know to smoke anything, honestly.
Lesley Stahl: Here are some of the words written about you.
Elon Musk:  Yeah, sure.
Lesley Stahl: Not-- not the whole time--
Elon Musk: It's a lot of words! (LAUGH)
Lesley Stahl: --over this summer. Erratic, unstable, reckless, operatic.
Elon Musk: Operatic? Ah, that's not bad, actually. I kinda like that one. I'm just being me. I mean, I was certainly under insane stress and crazy, crazy hours. But the system would have failed if I was truly erratic.
Lesley Stahl: You tweet a lot.
Elon Musk: I use my tweets to express myself. (LAUGHTER)
Lesley Stahl: Yes. Oh my God--
Elon Musk: Some people use their hair. (LAUGHTER) I use t-- I use Twitter.
Lesley Stahl: Well, but you use your tweeting to kind of get back at critics.
Elon Musk: Rarely.
Lesley Stahl: You kind of have little wars with the press.
Elon Musk: Twitter's a war zone. If somebody's gonna jump in the warzone, it's, like, "Okay, you're in the arena. Let's go!"
His warzone tweeting drew fire when out of the blue in August he tweeted, quote: "Am considering taking Tesla private at $420. Funding secured." The SEC disputed that claim and charged him with securities fraud. The case was settled with Musk agreeing that his "communications relating to the company… including… Twitter" would be overseen by his board.
Lesley Stahl: Have you had any of your tweets censored since the settlement?
Elon Musk: No.
Lesley Stahl: None? Does someone have to read them before they go out?
Elon Musk: No.
Lesley Stahl: So your tweets are not supervised?
Elon Musk: The only tweets that would have to be say reviewed would be if a tweet had a probability of causing a movement in the stock.
Lesley Stahl: And that's it?
Elon Musk: Yeah, I mean otherwise it's, "Hello, First Amendment." Like Freedom of Speech is fundamental.
Lesley Stahl: But how do they know if it's going to move the market if they're not reading all of them before you send them?
Elon Musk: Well, I guess we might make some mistakes.  Who knows?
Lesley Stahl: Are you serious?
Elon Musk: Nobody's perfect.
Lesley Stahl: Look at you.
Elon Musk: I want to be clear. I do not respect the SEC. I do not respect them.
Lesley Stahl: But you're abiding by the settlement, aren't you?
Elon Musk: Because I respect the justice system.
Abiding also meant he had to relinquish his position as chairman of the Tesla board. He's been replaced by board member Robyn Denholm.
Lesley Stahl: Did you handpick her?
Elon Musk: Yes.
Lesley Stahl: The impression was that she was put in to kind of watch over you.
Elon Musk: Yeah, I mean that's not realistic. I mean I'm the largest--
Lesley Stahl: Like a babysitter--
Elon Musk: Yeah. It-- it's not realistic in the sense that I am the largest shareholder in the company. And I can just call for a shareholder vote and get anything done that I want.
Lesley Stahl: So do you think you'll want to go back to being-- to being chair?
Elon Musk: No, I don't think I actually just prefer to have no titles at all.
With or without titles, there's something larger than life about Elon Musk. He has a cult following. One of Silicon Valley's most successful and versatile entrepreneurs, he has, beyond cars, built powerful rockets with reusable boosters, this one launched a record 64 satellites into orbit. He's digging a tunnel deep underground to deal with traffic congestion. And in each case, he started a company.
Lesley Stahl: Did you have a lot of money? Did your family give you a lot of money to start all of this?
Elon Musk: No.
Lesley Stahl: You grew up in South Africa.
Elon Musk: Yes.
Lesley Stahl: Yeah.
Elon Musk: I left when I was 17, by myself. I had a backpack of clothes and a suitcase of books. And that's it.
Lesley Stahl: Did you have a happy childhood?
Elon Musk: No, it was terrible.
Lesley Stahl: Are you serious?
Elon Musk: Yes.
Lesley Stahl: Why was it terrible?
Elon Musk: It was very violent. It was not a happy childhood.
Lesley Stahl: I do know that you were bullied at school.
Elon Musk: I was almost beaten to death, if you would call that bullied.
And he's described his father as emotionally abusive.
Elon Musk: My father has serious issues.
Lesley Stahl: OK. Well, so you didn't have a happy childhood.
Elon Musk: No.
It's no surprise then that as an adult he's a fighter, determined to succeed and prove everyone wrong, as when he waged a battle this year to avoid Tesla's bankruptcy by boosting production of its newest electric car, the Model 3. At the factory in Fremont, California, he complained bitterly about all the naysayers and critics who were gunning for his failure.   
Elon Musk: There's been relentless criticism, relentless and outrageous and unfair. Because what actually happened here was an incredible American success story. All these people work their ass off day and night to make it happen. And they believe in the dream. And that's the story that really should be told.
The story is how he set and met the production target of 5,000 Model 3s a week and made Tesla profitable. But the effort nearly bankrupted the company.
Elon Musk: If you're trying to step up to something which is, you know, 1,000 percent more than any other program that you've ever done, it's necessarily-- you have to bet the company. There's no option.
Lesley Stahl: So in other words, if you hadn't met it, you would have died?
Elon Musk: It was life or death. We were losing $50, sometimes $100 million a week. Running out of money.
Lesley Stahl: You were losing $100 million a week?
Elon Musk: Yeah. That's scary.
His two assembly lines weren't churning out cars fast enough. Failure was imminent, until his lightbulb moment, create a third assembly line in a big tent in the Tesla parking lot.
Elon Musk: This whole thing that you see here was a pretty miraculous effort by the team to create a general assembly line out of nothing in three weeks.
Lesley Stahl: This went up in three weeks.
Elon Musk: Yeah. So those, you know, betting against the company were right by all conventional standards that we would fail. But they just did not count on this unconventional situation of creating an assembly line in a parking lot in a tent.
Lesley Stahl: And this last minute push.
Elon Musk: It increased our output by 50 percent.
Musk was a champion of automation. So his original assembly lines were full of robots. But the robots kept breaking down. Walk along this new line in the tent, and all you see are, well, humans. He tweeted: "Excessive automation at Tesla was a mistake. To be precise, my mistake. Humans are underrated."  https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/984882630947753984
Elon Musk: People are way better at dealing with unexpected circumstances than robots. As you know.. yeah -
WORKERS: Yeah, yeah.
Elon Musk: Yeah.
He pushed his workers hard to meet the 5,000-a-week deadline. But he pushed himself even harder, out on the factory floor day and night troubleshooting and fixing work-line slowdowns.
Elon Musk: I think there was like literally one week where I actually worked 120 hours and just didn't leave the factory. I didn't even go outside. I wanted to make it clear to the team. They needed to see that however hard it was for them, I would make it worse for me.
And it paid off: Telsa announced in October it was profitable for the first time in years. The Model 3 is all electric, can go from 0 to 60 in 3 seconds and drive over 300 miles on a single battery charge. Musk wanted to show us the autopilot feature: the car drives itself.
Lesley Stahl: But right now, you're driving. Right now.
Elon Musk: Ah, yeah. (DINGS) But now I'm not.
Lesley Stahl: --now you're not driving at all.
Elon Musk: Not doing anything.
No hands. No feet.
Lesley Stahl: You feel safe?
Elon Musk: Yeah.
And just as I got used to this--
Elon Musk: I'm not-- it's changing lanes by itself.
Lesley Stahl: Oh! Oh my goodness. (LAUGH)
Elon Musk: Yeah, pretty wild.
Lesley Stahl: Wow!
Another thing that was supposed to be a "wow" was the price –- just $35,000. That was a goal not met: it costs around $49k, and if you customize it, which many customers do, you can quickly reach $60k.
Lesley Stahl: It's not a car for the every-man, which is what you set out to build.
Elon Musk: It's getting there. We're not that far from being able to produce the $35,000 car and that'll be ready in probably five or six months.
Lesley Stahl: All right. Here you go. You've already set a new deadline. Right? Five or six months.
Elon Musk: That's just-- that's just my guess.
Lesley Stahl: Okay. It's not--
Elon Musk: It's not, like, some promise-- or so help me God and strike me dead.
Lesley Stahl: You are notorious for setting, you know, these deadlines for yourself that no one thinks you can meet, and you often don't meet. And I'm just wondering why you do that?.
Elon Musk: Well, I mean punctuality's not my strong suit. I think, uh well, why would people think that if I've been late on all the other models, that'd I'd be suddenly on time with this one.
Lesley Stahl: Your naysayers say that you lie. That's the way they interpret it.
Elon Musk: "People should not ascribe to malice that which can easily be explained by stupidity." (LAUGHTER) So-- so it's, like, just because I'm, like, dumb at-- at predicting dates does not mean I am untruthful. I don't know-- I-- we've-- I never made a mass-produced car. How am I supposed to know with precision when it's gonna get done?
He's also had to deal with complaints about conditions inside Tesla's factories.
Lesley Stahl: There are charges of unreported injuries, excessive hours. Abusive conditions.
Elon Musk:  Well, it's important to emphasize that there's been an aggressive campaign by the UAW to absolutely attack Tesla with a load of nonsense in-- in order to try to unionize the company.
Lesley Stahl: So you think they drummed up these charges?
Elon Musk: Yes. These are utter nonsense.
Lesley Stahl: Well, there are several investigations by the press and by regulators in California about injuries on the job. Breathing toxic fumes, stress injuries, over 100 ambulance calls.
Elon Musk: I don't think that's correct.
Elon Musk: I was literally living in the factory. If these-- if there's, like, toxic fumes, I'm breathing them. Okay?
But there've been other concerns. A string of senior managers and engineers left this year. The company is still billions in debt. And yet Tesla is expanding. adding to its workforce while rival General Motors announced it's planning to lay off some 14,000 employees and idle plants.
Lesley Stahl: Would you want to buy some of those plants, those factories that they're closing down? You're shaking your head yes?
Elon Musk: It's possible that we would be interested. If they were going to sell a plant or not use it that we would take it over.  
GM also announced that it will double its investment into developing electric cars, and Elon Musk is celebrating.
Lesley Stahl: Why do you want the competition?
Elon Musk: The whole point of Tesla is to accelerate the advent of electric vehicles. And sustainable transport and trying to help the environment. We think it's the most serious problem that humanity faces. I'm not sure if you know it, but we open sourced our patents, so anyone who wants to use our patents can use 'em for free.
Lesley Stahl: Your patents are open-sourced?
Elon Musk: Yeah. If somebody comes and makes a better electric car than Tesla and it's so much better than ours that we can't sell our cars, and we go bankrupt, I still think that's a good thing for the world.
Lesley Stahl: And you'll sleep at night.
Elon Musk: Yeah, because somebody's making some pretty great cars. Um, yeah.
Produced by Shachar Bar-On. Associate producer, Natalie Jimenez Peel.

 延伸閱讀:  香港的Tesla車在那裡接上電源:  https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/transport/article/2168521/tesla-opens-new-hong-kong-electric-car-charging-station 

 https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?mid=1VE3W7LpBMa51U8gwzRQyUM8IrxQ&ll=22.36906704173181%2C114.18325653610191&z=16

 https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-11-14/china-is-leading-the-world-to-an-electric-car-future
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2018年12月15日 星期六

西班牙耶罗小岛成全球最环保小岛 百分之百利用清洁能源

西班牙耶罗小岛成全球最环保小岛 百分之百利用清洁能源
2011-07-07中国日报网  http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/hqgj/2011-07/07/content_12850047.htm
 风光迤逦的耶罗岛将成为全世界最环保的小岛

据美国《赫芬顿邮报》7月6日报道，西班牙的耶罗岛不但是个风景优美的旅游胜地，它还很快将成为世界上第一个完全利用可再生能源的岛屿，成为全世界最环保的小岛。

耶罗岛属加纳利群岛，距离西班牙本土非常遥远，距离达到2400公里。该岛在建的可再生能源项目包括一座发电能力为11.5兆瓦的风力发电厂和一座11.3兆瓦的水力发电厂，将能满足岛上80%的电能需求，其余的20%将由太阳能发电和光伏并网发电系统来弥补。因此，耶罗岛将是一座100%利用可再生能源的岛屿。

岛上的能源体系采用ABB电力和自动化解决方案，对水力发电实施电气化管理和控制，并将风力发电所产生的电能并入岛上的标准电网。控制系统能够保证电流和电压的稳定，在电力需求量出现大幅波动的情况下，水电站仍然可以进行持续不间断地发电。

耶罗岛的可再生能源项目还通过电力分配控制系统将风力发电和水利发电进行完美结合，为电网源源不断提供电充足的力。当风力发电量不足的时候，上游水库就会自动开闸放水增加发电量，相反，风力发电产生的多余的电能被设计用来将水抽到上游水库，以备风力电能不足时使用。


整个项目预计总投资为8700万美元（来源：中国日报网 约5.22亿人民币），预计2011年年底完成。项目建成后，将为岛上的1.1万户居民提供电力。根据当地相关能源报告，全部使用可再生能源后，岛上所需原油的运输将大大减，仅此一项就可少排放1.82万吨的二氧化碳。

延伸閱讀: 可再生能源的突破模式在耶羅島 El Hierro    http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_b96391280102x6pw.html

                                              http://euanmearns.com/el-hierro-another-model-for-a-sustainable-energy-future

http://www.ecreee.org/sites/default/files/event-att/el_hierro_wind-pumped_hydro_power_station.pdf
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2018年12月14日 星期五

福建寧德時代動力電池出口德國

早在五年前, 十八届中央政治局的集體學習,  第一次走出中南海, 走進北京中關村, 從那時起, 創新驅動發展戰略, 就一步一步成為中國經濟 動力轉換的頂層設計.

 中央電視臺片集<<必由之路>>第三集   http://news.cctv.com/2018/12/13/ARTIjdDN0bRl9NbghJQHk2Mo181213.shtml

報導福建寧德時代動力電池充電15分鐘, 電動汽車可以續航400公里, 該項技術已與德國圖林根Thuringia自由邦簽約, 將在德國建設電池生產基地 (2018年7月德國柏林報導). 中國人凭借自己研發出來的技術優勢, 打入了一向以品質標准嚴苛著稱的德國市場.  圖林根經濟科學數碼社會部長Wolfgang Tiefensee 說: "中國人帶着技術來到德國, 來到圖林根, 并在中國自己的研發中心, 教德國人如何改進電池技術".







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新工厂落地，宁德时代为何选址德国？


每日汽车
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2018年12月12日 星期三

馬時亨: 人工低買樓難　青年難免「四肢無力」

人工低買樓難　青年難免「四肢無力」

2018/01/22 轉載自:  https://topick.hket.com/article/1995329/人工低買樓難　青年難免「四肢無力」

樓價持續高企，年輕人常抱怨置業難。港鐵主席馬時亨表示，明白年輕人面對的壓力。他說樓價過去40年約升近100倍，中環飲食亦漲約60倍，但大學畢業生人工升幅卻只不足10倍！
馬時亨憶述，自己1973年港大畢業，有人問他要不要買一個北角賽西湖大廈單位，約1,200平方呎連2個車位，樓價約28萬元，呎價只是約200元，但他當時因無足夠資金婉拒了，「我當年出來打工，人工每月只有1,600元。」
現時，一個賽西湖大廈的單位，最少約值2,800萬元，即是樓價在40多年升了近100倍，那麼人工又如何？馬時亨說，40年後的今日，大學畢業生的人工升幅卻不足10倍，即使是政務主任（AO），在70年代約有3,000元月薪，今日的起薪點則是約49,000元，40年漲幅只有16倍左右。
馬時亨又提到，40年前在中環吃一頓飯，有魚有肉大概5元，但今日在同樣地方吃一頓午飯，最少需花300元，意味飲食開支上漲了約60倍。他指完全明白年輕人現時所面對的壓力，「他們覺得上樓無望，又面對工作壓力，難免感到四肢無力。」
他認為，社會上有很多結構性問題，政府對此有一定責任，經濟問題會演變成社會問題，社會問題繼而衍生政治問題，選民感到不開心，於是支持一些反政府的參選人。
處理房屋問題是特首林鄭月娥上場後的重點之一，馬時亨對此表示認同。他認為，年輕人未必一定要購置私人物業，他們只是希望有一個穩定居所，令人感到較安定。但他指年輕人不應受大環境影響，反之應該盡力去博，闖出自己的一片天。
馬時亨於2016年獲委任為教育大學校董會主席，經常以嘉賓身份出席各學校開學禮，他每次都會寄語學生「四字真言」。他坦言，不少年輕人態度都有問題，「所以我每次都會勸勉大家，應該學懂謙卑和感恩。謙卑的定義，就好像已故蘋果創辦人喬布斯所說的︰Stay Hungry，Stay Foolish。」至於感恩，他稱年輕人應該由家中開始學懂感恩，向父母表達感恩之心，感激他們的養育之恩。

 2018/01/22  轉載自:   https://topick.hket.com/article/1995331/?lcc=at

 現時屢創新高的樓市、樓價，馬時亨形容是「黐綫」、「真係癲」。「我以前住在北角，發夢都想不到（區內）樓價會上到6萬元一呎，打死都唔信」。他說的是前身為北角邨的新盤海璇，早前沽出6伙，實用呎價高達5萬至6萬元，貴絕港島東。
「經常在那裏（北角邨）踢波，自細的歲月在此蹉陀，好有親切感，當年賣地後曾經想過應該買個單位（紀念），但（現時）卻發現原來買唔起！」他續稱，樓市瘋狂，瘋狂的事就要小心。
「今日還會不會買樓，特別是新樓？我買不起，就算買得起都不會買……如果你要自住或供得起、有持貨能力，要買可以買，但要注意新樓的水位好高。」
馬時亨又分享朋友買樓的怪現象，二手樓要4、5成首期先買到，朋友發現持有200萬元，根本買不起500萬元的舊樓，最終卻走去買價值800萬元的新樓！因為有發展商提供按揭。他形容此情況很滑稽，新樓有按揭、地產商肯借錢給你，但羊毛出在羊身上，發展商亦可以加價反映。他認為，政府如果想樓市比較平衡，應該作出調整改變這個現象。
發展商按揭令買樓槓桿愈來愈高，風險亦愈來愈大。馬時亨指，無永遠上升的事情，一旦發生黑天鵝事件，例如韓國、朝鮮出現問題，市場便會出現大跌，故此買樓須量力而為，切勿過度借貸，須注意利率上升風險。

 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 2018-12-11  文匯報 黎梓田  轉載自:  http://paper.wenweipo.com/2018/12/11/ME1812110001.htm


外圍利淡因素交叉打擊樓市，近月一二手成交劇減，有龍頭地產代理行裁員兼發盈警，加上「房策六招」的助攻下，終令樓市調頭向下，差估署樓價指數連跌三月，社會有人憧憬政府減「辣」穩定樓市。行政長官林鄭月娥昨日出席活動時表示，樓市下跌是好事，指出樓價的調整幅度遠遠未能抵消今年升幅，更笑指認為見樓價下跌就「幻想政府出招救市，可以慳返」。
特首林鄭月娥昨表示，有人認為樓市下跌是壞事，但她認為是好事，並引述差估署數字顯示，樓價自今年8月已跌3.7%，但調整幅度遠遠未能抵消2018年的升幅，更莫論她上任以來的幅度，「所以如果有人有任何幻想，見到樓價跌政府會出招救市，就可以慳返」。又指香港經濟第三季GDP增長放緩至2.9%，但預料全年仍有3.2%GDP增長，為10年來最高，強調只是增長放緩情況，這亦非單是在香港發生。
一二手成交大挫逾五成
自中美貿易戰爆發以來，不論一、二手市場銷情慘淡。據土地註冊處資料顯示，11月錄得729宗一手私宅註冊，較10月的2,357宗大跌接近七成；而二手住宅註冊量自全年最高的5月4,976宗反覆跌至11月的2,058宗，較高位大跌約58.8%。受到成交大減影響，本港龍頭代理美聯集團（1200）10月份已經向業績最差的100名員工開刀，部分人即時炒魷，另近半人要放3個月無薪假，上周四又發盈警，指今年首11個月淨溢利約4,500萬元，相較去年同期的約1.93億元，大減77%。
樓價較2009年仍升兩倍
雖然樓市轉跌，但對比過去數年甚至十年，樓市仍錄得驚人升幅，以政府首次出辣招的2009年10月份，當時差估署樓價指數為129.9點，相隔接近十年，與今年10月份的380.3點比較，已大升192.76%。如以2012年7月1日前行政長官梁振英上任起，當時樓價指數為205.1點，迄今亦錄得85.42%的增長；若以行政長官林鄭月娥上任時的2017年7月1日比較，當時錄得336.1點，相較今年10月份的380.3點，升幅有達13.15%，而樓價指數已由7月回落3.67%，與林鄭上任時仍有9.48%的樓價差距，反映樓價「遠未跌夠」。
若以一個更易明的例子，2009年9月一個賣200萬元的單位，以差估署樓價指數變化計算，在今年7月時已升至407.9萬元，目前樓價回落，樓價仍達385.5萬元。
目前樓市顯然仍處高位，不過受外圍利淡因素影響，市場普遍看淡樓市明年的表現。早前曾大膽預告明年樓價大跌的仲量聯行，昨再發「警告」，該行董事總經理曾煥平直言，若政府不撤樓市「辣招」，明年底樓價或最多跌25%至30%，雖預計本港樓價不會出現「斷崖式」急挫，但很大機會繼續「拾級而下」。
代理料樓價明年跌兩成
兩大地產代理也唱淡明年樓市。中原地產昨指出，樓市自房策六招登場後觸發跌勢，樓價今年第三季起回落，預計明年3月，樓價將由高位下調15%，新界區更有機會下跌20%，其後樓價將會窄幅橫行。中原地產研究部高級聯席董事黃良昇表示，中美貿易戰令經濟增長放緩，主導樓價下調，同時房策六招的公佈，是樓價下調的觸發點。

美聯物業住宅部行政總裁布少明昨也預期，貿易戰及市場情緒兩大因素仍將困擾未來樓市走向，料明年樓價將有所回調，預計幅度在10%之內。該行認為，貿易戰是今年樓市由旺轉靜的最大分水嶺。 

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2018年12月9日 星期日

北歐農業之改善和为什麼會富裕？

Improving farming systems in northern Europe

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