2017年2月10日 星期五

智利太陽能過剩免電價銀行不借新項目

Chile Has So Much Solar Energy It’s Giving It Away for Free

  • Spot prices reached zero for 113 days this year through April
  • Solar power on Chile’s central grid quadrupled since 2013
Chile’s solar industry has expanded so quickly that it’s giving electricity away for free.
Spot prices reached zero in parts of the country on 113 days through April, a number that’s on track to beat last year’s total of 192 days, according to Chile’s central grid operator. While that may be good for consumers, it’s bad news for companies that own power plants struggling to generate revenue and developers seeking financing for new facilities.
Chile’s increasing energy demand, pushed by booming mining production and economic growth, has helped spur development of 29 solar farms supplying the central grid, with another 15 planned. Further north, in the heart of the mining district, even more have been built. Now, economic growth is slowing as copper output stagnates amid a global glut, energy prices are slumping and those power plants are oversupplying regions that lack transmission lines to distribute the electricity elsewhere.
“Investors are losing money,” said Rafael Mateo, chief executive officer of Acciona SA’s energy unit, which is investing $343 million in a 247-megawatt project in the region that will be one of Latin America’s largest. “Growth was disordered. You can’t have so many developers in the same place.”








A key issue is that Chile has two main power networks, the central grid and the northern grid, which aren’t connected to each other. There are also areas within the grids that lack adequate transmission capacity.
That means one region can have too much power, driving down prices because the surplus can’t be delivered to other parts of the country, according to Carlos Barria, former chief of the government’s renewable-energy division and a professor at Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, in Santiago.
"Michelle Bachelet’s government has set the energy sector as a priority,” said Carlos Finat, president of the country’s renewable association, known as Acera. “But planning has been focused in the short term when it is necessary to have long term plans to solve these type of issues."

Inadequate Infrastructure

The government is working to address this issue, with plans to build a 3,000-kilometer (1,865-mile) transmission line to link the the two grids by 2017. It’s also developing a 753-kilometer line to address congestion on the northern parts of the central grid, the region where power surpluses are driving prices to zero.
“Chile has at least seven or eight points in the transmission lines that are collapsed and blocked, and we have an enormous challenge to bypass the choke points,” Energy Minister Maximo Pacheco said in an interview in Santiago. “When you embark on a path of growth and development like the one we’ve had, you obviously can see issues arising.”

Solar Growth

Solar capacity on Chile’s central power grid, known as SIC, has more than quadrupled to 770 megawatts since 2013. Much of that comes from the grid’s northern sections, the Atacama region that’s home to the copper industry. Total installed capacity increased 5 percent in the past year, with half coming from solar farms, according to the grid operator, Cdecsic. SIC supplies power to the regions where 90 percent of the country’s residential demand is located.
The country is expected to install almost 1.4 gigawatts of solar power this year, up from 371 megawatts in 2015, according to Bloomberg New Energy Finance.
When power companies aren’t giving away electricity, it’s cheap. At the Diego de Almagro substation in the Atacama region, for example, prices didn’t exceed $60 a megawatt-hour for most of March. That’s less than the $70 minimum price for companies that won long-term contracts to sell solar power in Chile’s energy auctions in October and March.
The issue may limit future development because the uncertain revenue means banks will be reluctant to finance new power plants, according to Rodrigo Violic, head of project finance at the Chilean lender Banco Bice. “It’s a big problem,” he said.

Solar ‘Surprise’

Salvatore Bernabei, head of Enel Green Power SpA’s operations in Chile, has 170 megawatts of capacity in operation and 300 megawatts under construction in the country. He wouldn’t say if his company has surplus power.
Bernabei, however, is adamant that change is needed. “The rapid development of renewables was a surprise and now we have to react quickly,” he said.
Until this is resolved, low prices will plague companies that own power plants, according to Jose Ignacio Escobar, general manager for Acciona’s Chile unit.

“Energy prices in Chile will keep declining until there is a solution for the infrastructure problem,” Escobar said in an interview in Santiago. “This situation was expected, but new regulatory measures weren’t taken, infrastructure wasn’t built.”

台灣大缺電 這個國家電費卻0元

2016年6月4日  轉載自:  http://www.appledaily.com.tw/realtimenews/article/new/20160604/878478/


台灣盛夏用電量爆表,隨時面臨缺電危機,智利大幅拓展太陽能發電,電量供過於求導致部分地區電價免費。英國《獨立報》報導,智利中部即期電價自今年初開始,已經有113天維持0元,去年則突破192天0元。這對消費者來說是無比的好消息,對太陽能公司來說,卻是最糟糕情況。智利過去在礦業與經濟成長需求下,大力發展29座太陽能發電廠,尚有15座還在籌畫中,但隨著經濟發展腳步放緩,銅礦出口停滯,對電力需求隨之縮減,很多地區發電廠電力供過於求,而這些地區間又缺乏電力連結,導致過剩電力無法有效使用,造成用電不用錢現象。一間民營公司電力公司執行長馬蒂歐(Rafael Mateo)表示,投資者都在虧損,「當經濟不再成長,同一區卻有太多太陽能業者」。報導指出,造成電價0元的主要因素,是因為智利只有2條主要電網,分別在北部與中部,但兩條電網又沒有互相連結,導致有些地區電力過剩,無法送到需要地區。目前政府努力解決此現象,預計在2017年時,要構建3千公里傳輸網連結北中電網。

智利抽水蓄能籌十億美元半年無消息

最新消息: https://twitter.com/valhallaenergia

智利北部的阿塔卡马沙漠区有价值连城的矿藏,年光照时间达到2400小时,比西藏更长,而且平均温度只有25摄氏度,因此光伏发电率高于中东北非澳大利亞等炎热的地区。就光熱發電CSP來看, 它更拥有全球最高 DNI 辐照值. 

玻利維亞的烏尤尼鹽沼 Salar de Uyuni  (深最少 5 公尺, 一萬平方公里, 海拔 3,500公尺) 現時仍有數百萬噸鋰礦未開採, 估計不能用作抽水蓄能.


Source: Google map (純白的便是烏尤尼鹽沼)



Source: https://twitter.com/valhallaenergia 你知道智利是太陽輻射最高的嗎?
Source: https://twitter.com/valhallaenergia 你知道智利是太陽輻射最高的嗎?





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以下為 Valhalla.cl 網頁圖片: (純白的便是烏尤尼鹽沼)

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圖文轉載自:   http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/articles/2016/09/location-location-location-massive-pumped-storage-solar-pv-project-closer-to-reality.html

Location, Location, Location: Massive Pumped Storage + Solar PV Project Closer to Reality