全球最大深海渔场“青岛造”

OFFSHORE FISH FARMING

A new era in fish farming is on its way

博主說明:  根據東森電視2017年6月５日晚十時半報導, 這樣的大養殖籠一共打造100個, 所養三文魚全部返銷中國

Source:   http://www.salmar.no/en/offshore-fish-farming-a-new-era
Ocean Farm 1 – the world’s first offshore fish farm – is now delivered from the shipyard in China and will soon be on its way to Norway. It may represent the first step towards a new era in aquaculture. Based on world-class Norwegian aquaculture and offshore technology, Ocean Farm 1 aspires to address central issues related to sustainable growth in the aquaculture industry.
Following an official handover ceremony on June 3, 2017, Ocean Farm 1 will be sea transferred at the shipyard in Qingdao, China and set its course for the coast of Norway. Upon arrival in the second half of 2017, the 110-meters wide structure will be positioned in Frohavet, off the coast of Trøndelag. As a full-scale pilot facility, Ocean Farm 1 is designed to test out both the biological as well as the technological aspects of offshore fish farming.
Responding to the world’s need for more and healthier food
Within 2030, the world needs to produce 70% more food, and we need to do so using less resources and with a minimal environmental footprint. While oceans cover more than two thirds of the world’s surface, only 2% of the food energy for human consumption comes from the sea. Producing animal protein from aquaculture takes less resources and is friendlier to the climate compared to livestock. Since traditional fisheries are almost fully exploited, increased aquaculture production needs to play a major part in efforts to feed future generations.
Awarded first development licenses in Norway
The Norwegian Ministry of Fisheries and Coastal affairs recently decided to award development licenses for aquaculture purposes. The objective is to spur new technology concepts that can ensure sufficient growth whilst also ensuring environmental sustainability. The Ocean Farm project is an answer to this the challenge, and SalMar was the first seafood producer in Norway to be awarded this type of development license.
Developed in Norway, built in China
Behind the project is a unique interdisciplinary partnership between world-leading players in Norway within aquaculture, offshore and research (see table below for details). The result is a structure built on the robust technology and principles used at submersible offshore installations, while safeguarding the biological needs of the salmon. When developing technical solutions, every fish farming process has been considered, and new approaches are established for the various operating procedures. The structure complies with the aquaculture industry’s own fabrication standards, as well as relevant offshore oil and gas standards. Ocean Farm 1 is built by the China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation (CSIS) in Qingdao, China.
A full-scale pilot facility
The conclusion of the construction project is a significant milestone for SalMar, but the real work starts now. Ocean Farm 1 is a full-scale pilot facility for testing, learning, research and development. It will be equipped for R&D activities, with particular focus on biological conditions and fish welfare. Aiming to reduce environmental footprints, improve fish welfare and answer acreage challenges, the learning and new solutions from the project could represent a new era in sustainable seafood production – and is potentially adaptable world wide. In SalMar, we know that as operation starts, we are entering a new challenging phase.
This is Ocean Farming
The company behind Ocean Farm 1 is Ocean Farming AS, a subsidiary of the SalMar Group. Ocean Farming was established specifically to develop an offshore fish farming capability. Through the development and implementation of new technologies and the build-up of operational experience, Ocean Farming will acquire the specialist expertise needed for this next generation of fish farming facilities to achieve its full potential. Ocean Farm 1 demonstrates SalMar’s drive and determination to lead the way in technologies for sustainable seafood production. Ocean Farming has received grants from Innovation Norway to help fund the concept development phase.
Key dimensions Ocean Farm 1:
Height: 68 m
Diameter: 110 m
Volume: 250,000 m3

Our partners in the Ocean Farm project

Global Maritime AS	Design and systems integration
Kongsberg Maritime AS	Electrical installations and instrumentation for marine and fish handling systems
Mørenot Aquaculture AS	Hull outfitting, nets and moveable bulkhead arrangement
Malm Orstad AS	Drive system for moveable bulkhead
Emstec GmbH	Equipment and systems for fish transfer
Graintec AS	Equipment and systems for receipt and distribution of fish feed
Optimar Stette AS	Equipment and systems for handling dead fish
Pump Supply AS	Equipment and systems for net cleaning
CSIC QWHI	Hull construction and installation of marine systems
DNV GL/Noomas	Third-party verification and certification
MARINTEK	Model testing and associated analysis
Sintef Fiskeri- og havbruk AS	Environmental data and calculation of currents
FugroOceanor AS	Environmental data and wave calculations
Ramnäs Bruk AB	Mooring chain
Lankhorst Euronete S.A.	Fibre ropes
Farstad Offshore AS	Installation mooring system and fishfarm

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全球最大深海渔场“青岛造”青岛早报 2017-06-04   

昨日，世界首座规模最大的智能海上渔场顺利交付。  

http://news.qingdaonews.com/qingdao/2017-06/04/content_12063754.htm

    
    早报讯昨日，世界首座规模最大的半潜式智能海上“渔场”，在位于西海岸新区的武船集团北船海工公司顺利交付。该项目是武船利用前沿技术促进海洋养殖产业发展的重要成果，是在全球海上渔场装备制造领域取得的重大突破，是加快融入“一带一路”、推动渔业养殖从近海养殖向深海养殖的“装备革命”。
    全球首个智能海上养殖装备
    全球首个智能海上养殖装备——挪威海上“渔场”项目，是集挪威先进养殖技术、现代化环保养殖理念和世界顶端海工设计于一身、现代化全自动的海上养殖装备，为该领域全球首例研发项目。作为全球首个现代化、全自动智能海上养殖装备，挪威海上渔场养鱼平台总高69米、直径110米、空船重量7700吨，可抗12级台风，使用年限25年。开发区公安分局薛家岛边防派出所民警也全力做好周边保卫工作，为项目安全生产保驾护航。
    “半潜式智能海上渔场由3-7人即可操控，一年养鱼150万条。 ”项目负责人介绍，挪威海上渔场项目配备了全球最先进的三文鱼智能养殖系统、自动化保障系统和高端深海运营管理系统及对应子系统。其中，智能养殖系统包括鱼苗投放系统、鱼苗进食系统、营养均衡系统、生物光调控系统、鱼群实时监控系统、自动捕鱼系统，高分子渔网保护系统、送氧系统、除虱系统等；自动化保障系统包括渔网自清洁系统、死鱼收集系统、死鱼物质分解、水文监测系统等；高端运营管理系统包括自适应升降系统、深海定位系统、通讯导航系统、动力系统、中央控制系统、物资补给系统、消防救生系统、火灾报警系统、生活娱乐系统等。
    在研发制造过程中，该养鱼平台融入了生物学、工学、电学、计算机、智能化等技术，安装各类传感器2万余个，水下水上监控设备100余个，生物光源100余个，将复杂的养殖过程控制变得异常简单和准确。
    多项技术创新填补国内空白
    据武船技术负责人介绍，作为世界上首个现代化、全自动智能海上养殖装备研发项目，挪威海上渔场养鱼平台在研发、建造过程中完成了一系列重大技术创新，填补了国内海工行业的多项科研和施工空白，为海工行业提供了珍贵的技术资料和成功经验。
    挪威海上渔场养鱼平台的旋转门系统，在研发制造上创造了多项业内新纪录。有别于其它已建、在建的养殖装备，这一新型的旋转门系统是自动化、智能化的末端“执行”装置，承载着渔网清洗、活鱼自动驱赶和捕捉、底部死鱼收集、防虱等渔场主要功能，独特性和科技含量在国内海工行业内前所未有。这一新型的旋转门系统在精度上要求极高，直径110米、重达数百吨的门形框架，能够以中央立柱为中心，在周长300多米的平面上，以毫米级的精度在轨道上自如运转，无论是旋转门自身还是旋转轨道，都在精度上创造了业内前所未有的高度。
    挪威海上渔场养鱼平台结构的大坞搭载过程，如同“堆积木”。要将预制好的26个巨型分段节点、13根超长立柱、7个大型浮体分段、12个“X”型中间加强结构、12根底部放射型分段、24个环形支撑、6个顶部交叉梁、1个重数百吨的上层建筑，在确保旋转门精度和使用性能的前提下，通过精心吊装，完美地组合成一个直径110米，高69米的“海上巨无霸”。而要完成这项工作，难度如同“象鼻绣花”，充分体现了武船的尖端科研水平、精细化管理水平以及参与各方高度紧密的协同合作能力。
    海产养殖行业引领技术革命
    挪威海上渔场养鱼平台项目的业主萨尔玛公司，是挪威海产品养殖的上市公司，三文鱼养殖量占挪威市场的20%左右，总资产达12亿美元。挪威的海产养殖业在世界上占有重要地位，海上养殖全球领先，三文鱼供不应求。近年来，在绿色环保理念指引下，针对近海密集养殖鱼病多发等问题，挪威政府及渔业养殖行业一直致力于深海养殖的技术研发，并因为巨大的市场需求催生了一个新的行业领域——智能海上养殖装备市场。
    业内专家指出，武船集团北船海工公司交付的挪威海上渔场养鱼平台项目，是海上养殖的“划时代”装备，将在海产养殖行业引领技术革命、促成产业飞跃，推动渔业养殖从近海养殖向深海养殖加速转变，从网箱式养殖向大型装备式养殖加速转变，从传统人工式养殖向自动化智能化养殖加速转变。
    挪威海上渔场养鱼的建造成功，为我国企业全面进入这一市场开了一个好头，让挪威海上养殖与“中国制造”深度对接，成为“一带一路”典型案例。（记者刘海龙通讯员张进刚 王守德 摄影报道）

南海波浪能

Harnessing
the ocean: China’s military looks to wave farms to power radar on remote islands
as South China Sea disputes simmer

Country has been testing one of the largest power-generating machines of its kind in the world with maximum capacity in excess of 200 kilowatts.    30 November, 2015  

Source: http://www.scmp.com/tech/science-research/article/1884420/harnessing-ocean-chinas-military-looks-wave-farms-power-radar

 China plans to build electricity-generating wave farms near remote islands in the South China Sea, where it is engaged in territorial disputes with several of its neighbours, to mitigate the threat of a power blackout hitting its military radars there, according to researchers involved in the project.

These giant floating power stations are expected to significantly strengthen the nation’s foothold in the disputed waters.

A full-scale unit, about half the size of a soccer field, was deployed for a test run in waters off the Wanshan archipelago near the city of Zhuhai in Guangdong province earlier this month, said the researchers at the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Guangzhou Institute of energy Conversion.

Using cutting-edge mechanical designs, the generator will efficiently transform the constant movement of the sea water into electricity and stay in operation on windless days and also in the face of a super-typhoon, they said.

China’s breakneck rush to build civilian and military facilities in these seas has stretched its power supply chain in recent years. One of the biggest headaches has proven to be keeping the country’s larger-than-ever radar network in constant operation.

“Military radars are power-hungry beasts that must be fed all the time,” said one researcher, who declined to be named due to the sensitivity of the issue.

“Sending fossil fuels to remote islands is costly and time-consuming. The shipping can also be affected easily by bad weather or unfriendly neighbours,” the researcher added.

More power is needed for the radar to cast its net wider. When operating at full power to get a bead on a distant fighter jet or unknown object, an early warning system may require thousands of kilowatts of energy - tantamount to the total demand of 1,000 average households in the United States.

Conventional renewable energy sources are not suitable for small islands, the researchers said.

Most lack sufficient land area for the installation of solar power panels, which at any rate are usually quickly compromised by faecal matter from birds, the team said.

Moreover, wind turbines cannot generate a stable enough energy supply, and their performance is also severely affected by the weather.

The unit that was tested is among the largest power-generating machines of its kind in the world, capable of churning out in excess of 200 kilowatts.

Similar power buoys deployed in the US and Australia have shown peak power outputs of around 150kw. The largest single wave energy convertor to date was a prototype deployed at a wave farm in Portugal, which recorded 750kw.

But the new Chinese generator can survive even the most extreme weather conditions, the researchers said.

In the event of a typhoon, it would automatically partially submerge, leaving only a small area on the surface to avoid damage caused by strong winds.

The unit is not anchored to the ocean bed, which allows it to move freely amid strong waves.

The design, which resembles half a submarine, has performed well. A smaller 10-kw prototype even survived Typhoon Haiyan in the South China Sea two years ago. The typhoon claimed over 6,000 lives in the Philippines.

The machine continued generating power during the typhoon even after most of it was submerged, the researchers said.

The wave farms that are planned have a flexible capacity with room to grow as more converters can be added later to meet demand.

The electricity will be channelled to nearby islands using underwater cables.

The enormous power requirements of military radar facilities means they cannot operate on a full-time basis with a large and stable energy supply, so using sea waves to provide power is a logical solution, said Li Ming. The professor of radar technology works at the National Lab of Radar Signal Processing in Xidian University, Xi’an in northwestern Shaanxi province.

But Li doubted whether a wave farm would fully satisfy demand.

“A warning radar consumes far more than 200kw of power,” he said.

Another problem is the cost of such an operation. A wave farm needs many power-generating units to form a grid for maximum output.

But those who field-tested the single unit recently said it cost nearly 20 million yuan (US$3.13 million) to design and build.

英國的酒館晚间小吃: 千層麵,牧羊人pie,漢堡飽,鳮翼,香腸,炸银魚

Pub grub -a pie, along with a pint 品脱啤酒.

"Pub grub" expanded to include British food items such as steak and ale pie, shepherd's pie, fish and chips, bangers and mash, Sunday roast, ploughman's lunch, and pasties. In addition, dishes such as burgers, chicken wings, lasagne and chilli con carne 辣豆酱 are often served. Some pubs offer elaborate hot and cold snacks free to customers at Sunday lunchtimes, to prevent them getting hungry and leaving for their lunch at home.

Since the 1990s food has become a more important part of a pub's trade, and today most pubs serve lunches and dinners at the table in addition to (or instead of) snacks consumed at the bar. They may have a separate dining room. Some pubs serve meals to a higher standard, to match good restaurant standards; these are sometimes termed gastropubs.
Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pub#Pub_companies


以下图文轉載自：  http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-pub-grub.htm

Lasagna is always a good crowd pleaser. 千層麵是一種麵食，特點是用多張寬如手帕的大麵皮疊起來，內層夾上多種乳酪及肉醬，經焗製調味而成。Source:  維基百科

Shepherd's pie is a popular pub grub.   Cottage pie (made with minced beef) or shepherd's pie (made with minced lamb) is a meat pie with a crust of mashed potato Source: 維基百科

In most of the United Kingdom, as well as Ireland, there are popular establishments called pubs which serve both food and alcoholic beverages to a primarily working class clientele. These "public houses" are well-known for serving a variety of comfort foods, appetizers and bar snacks collectively referred to as pub grub by patrons 主顧（尤指老顧客）. Standard pub food is rarely mistaken for haute cuisine, but it is generally served in substantial quantities and matches well with stout beers and ales, most notably Guinness.
Traditional pub grub was quite often a slow-cooked stew or a meat-and-vegetables stuffed pie. Workers with contaminated fingers might order a Cornish pasty, a meat stew encased in a doughy crust with a thick, largely inedible rim for safe handling. Other patrons could order a shepherd's pie, a meat dish encased in twice-cooked mashed potatoes. A serving of steak and kidney pie or a simple ploughman's lunch would also qualify as typical pub grub.

The menu for a full-service pub might also include bangers and mash, a dish which combines pan-fried local sausage with a bed of mashed potatoes and a flavorful gravy. The quintessential English snack food fish and chips would also be considered pub grub, along with a sausage and Yorkshire pudding dish known affectionately as "Toad in the Hole."

Modern pubs have also added some international foods to their menus, including American hamburgers, Indian curry dishes, Italian lasagna and Mexican chili. Indian dishes such as chicken tikka masala have become especially popular in the UK. Modern pub grub also includes typical bar food such as fried potato skins, breaded cheese sticks and fried chicken tenders or shrimp served in baskets. Perhaps the most traditional pub food still found on modern menus are prawns and a pint, consisting of boiled prawns served in a pint glass with a stout ale chaser.
The evolution of British cuisine from simple working class comfort foods to world-class fusion dishes can be experienced in new upscale restaurants known as gastropubs. Chefs have taken many of the traditional pub recipes and methods to greater gastronomic heights with the addition of complex sauces or exotic ingredients. As long as the local population feels the need to wet their whistles at a neighborhood pub, however, there should always be traditional pub grub available for visitors.

Broiled焗爐從食物上方發出短暫但高溫的熱源,做出香脆效果 bacon-wrapped scallops 扇貝,俗稱元貝或帶子.

American hamburgers are found on many pub menus.

Bangers, which are pan-fried sauages, are popular pub fare.

Chicken wings are popular  pub grub.

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Pub grub:   炸银魚 Whitebait are tender and edible, and can be regarded as a delicacy. The entire fish is eaten including head, fins, bones, and guts.  Deep fried fish fry             Source: Wikipedia.  英國酒館的炸銀魚用作下酒, 由拉脫維亞漁人在波羅的海深處捕獲, 品種較大西洋的細小但滋味好. 此魚産量不多, 通常只占出海捕撈量的 3%.  倫敦是金融中心故能支付較高價錢.  西班牙的酒館還有炸小蝦(全隻不剖)餅, 炸小墨魚(全隻不剖), 炭烤沙丁魚(全魚不剖, 摩洛哥也是).  沙丁魚剖了便少了很多味道故無人剖.