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Mongolia and China envision giant power grids to light up Asia
BY
The lights of the high-end boutiques and bars of Tokyo’s
Ginza district may someday be powered by coal burned more than 1,700 miles away
(2,700 km) in Mongolia, electricity zipping over ultra-high voltage lines across
deserts and under seas.
That’s the idea behind plans in Asia for so-called super
grids, sending power from countries with relatively few people but lots of wind,
sun and fossil fuels to distant electricity-hungry population centers trying to
keep up with demand. Mongolia, desperate to make more of its abundant resources
as it seeks to revive its flailing 拼命揮動;
亂踢 economy, aims to make that vision a reality through one of the world’s
most ambitious power projects.
The landlocked nation is considering a $7 billion plan
to build coal, wind and solar plants that could send electricity across China,
Russia, South Korea and Japan, according to Tamir Batsaikhan, a project director
with the Shivee Energy Complex. It’s just one concept of how to connect power
markets across Asia, where demand is forecast by BMI Research to grow 3.5
percent annually through 2026.
“At a 30,000-foot level you’d be hard-pressed to argue
against it,” said Simon Powell, head of Asian utilities research at UBS Group in
Hong Kong. “It’s not technically impossible to build an Asian power grid, but
there are difficulties.”
While the region’s biggest economies, led by China,
throw their support behind the projects, the challenge of moving electricity
from one country to another — from the differences in voltages and price to
concerns about relying on neighbors for power — may mean Mongolia’s vision
remains just a dream.
A feasibility study on Mongolia’s proposed
5,280-megawatt Shivee project, which is backed by state-run investor Erdenes
Mongol and the country’s energy ministry, is expected by the end of this month,
Tamir said. State Grid Corp. of China is carrying out the study and talks with
potential buyers would only start after its completion, he
said.
‘Cannot imagine’
State Grid, one of the world’s biggest power
distributors, and Japan’s SoftBank Group, as well as partners in South Korea and
Russia, are some of the main drivers behind the latest ideas to develop a power
grid spanning Northeast Asia. State Grid’s former chairman, Liu Zhenya, floated
an even grander plan almost two years ago for a global network to transmit
electricity from continent to continent by 2050 at a cost of $50
trillion.
“The energy demands of the next three decades will be
astronomical,” Liu, now chairman of the Beijing-based Global Energy
Interconnection Development and Cooperation Organization http://www.geidco.org/, wrote in a Bloomberg
View column in April. “We will need to power — mainly cleanly — at a scale and
for a range of uses we cannot yet fully imagine.”
While Liu has moved on to GEIDCO, where SoftBank’s
chief, Masayoshi Son is vice chairman, State Grid continues to promote super
grid proposals. The company’s chief engineer, Zhang Qiping, said in November
that China can export surplus power to India and Southeast Asia. A global
network also dovetails 密切配合的
Puzzle pieces
“State Grid is definitely trying to think big with
global energy interconnection,” said Justin Wu, the Asia head of Bloomberg New
Energy Finance. “But in the meantime, we’re likely to see projects that will
take this on incrementally, building smaller pieces of the puzzle that will fit
into this bigger picture of interconnection.”
State Grid didn’t reply to emails seeking comment, while
Korea Electric Power declined comment. Russia’s Rosseti PJSC is in discussions
with partners from China, South Korea and Japan about “establishing bilateral
energy ties and developing major Asian energy ring,” said Konstantin Petukhov,
deputy director general for development. The company is also in talks with the
Mongolian government about building a new power grid, which could be linked
internationally, he said.
“SoftBank places importance on renewable energy, and a
super grid that extends from Mongolia to Japan fixes the problem of security of
supply, as the sun is always shining and the wind is always blowing somewhere,”
spokesman Kenichi Yuasa said by email, adding that the company isn’t involved in
the Shivee Energy Complex.
Multiple obstacles
Such a network faces multiple obstacles, including the
challenge of linking different grids and infrastructure and deciding how the
power would be priced, according to analysts at UBS and Wood Mackenzie. Some
countries may also worry about becoming too reliant on imported power or
technology from China, which has faced resistance in Australia and the U.K. over
investments in their electricity infrastructure.
“Countries may become cautious about taking Chinese
technology, worrying this could endanger their own power system security or even
national security,” said Frank Yu, principal consultant on China and North East
Asia power at Wood Mackenzie.
GEIDCO’s chief, Liu, has voiced support for moving
electricity from Mongolia and northeast China to Japan and South Korea,
according to a January statement sent by the organization in response to a
request for comment.
Other potential transmission projects cited by GEIDCO
include sending hydropower from China’s Yunnan province and thermal power from
the country’s north to Thailand, Myanmar, Vietnam and Bangladesh; hydropower
from Tibet to India and Bangladesh; coal, wind and solar power from western
China’s Xinjiang region and coal-fired electricity from Kazakhstan to
Pakistan.
While these projects help China solidify its
relationships with neighbors, as well as other Belt and Road countries, the
Shivee project in Mongolia is one way to aid an economy that’s forecast by the
World Bank to contract 0.2 percent this year. Constructing Shivee would create
25,000 jobs over five years and may increase gross domestic product by 4
percentage points annually during that period, according to an August GEIDCO
statement.
“With abundant resources of cheap energy coal, which is
not so much profitable to transport, it makes sense to export the final product,
electricity,” said Khashchuluun Chuluundorj, an economist at the National
University of Mongolia.
亞洲跨國聯網示意圖
Source: http://www.geidco.org/html/qqnycocn/col2015100725/column_2015100725_1.html
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亞洲跨國聯網示意圖
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