2018年7月21日 星期六

香港的ニ間電視臺字幕上褐色配音一定是啡色

兩間電視臺的節目看得多得出一個結論,  就是每當字幕出現褐色兩個字時,  配音(負責內容說明的旁白)一定會讀做啡色.  就在請教讀者是不是正確?

中世紀以來國際文化交流的成果

印度佛教東傳中國, 在中國產生了食齋制度和文化, 東渡日本後, 韓國日本的統治階級發起了全國茹素的全民運動.日本信佛食齋一千年的結果是料理以水為基礎, 並發明味之素 - 鮮味.

古希臘政的政治(議會運作和奴隸制)或許影響了歐洲, 但其滿天神佛並沒有被歐洲接受.  歐洲一神論來自千年流徙於約旦, 索不達亞, 埃及的閃族(希伯來)人.  中東沙漠生存條件惡劣, 驅使希伯來人追尋精神依靠.  一個統一的神, 可以幫助或犧牲某些特定人群.  猶太教 Judaism是地中海第一個一神論社群. 

中東沙漠牧民首先是產生了猶太教(舊約), 然後是基督教(新約), 六百年後便是穆斯林的產生.  中世紀歐教廷是拥有土地和絕對權力的, 政教合一的基礎是一神論. 中世紀歐洲科學受到壓抑, 學者紛紛向穆斯林尋求學問.  漢學被引入以消減中世紀以來宗教和貴族的勢力.

古代國人海灘上拾煤養成了燒煤的習慣, 樹木砍光了便全民煤.  海邊穴滲水了便發明蒸汽抽水機. 英國的業革命因而較德,法提前 100 年.  參考維基百科: 蒸汽機.  荷蘭則是用風車去抽走低地雨水的,  至今英國的風車(發電)是全數依賴進口. 燒煤的時代過去了, 英國有什麼可以傳承世界工廠的行業?

法國的艦艇從俄羅斯, 澳大利亞獲得大單, 核電更是一貫一流水平.  今日的勤工儉學是不是還堅持前往法國?

延伸閱讀: 〈食齋有文化〉https://kwantailo.wordpress.com/2014/05/05/食文故事:〈食齋有文化〉/

法國贏得澳大利亞500億澳元潛艇
https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2016/apr/26/france-to-build-australias-new-submarine-fleet-as-50bn-contract-awarded

世界風車製造企業名單          https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_wind_turbine_manufacturers


簡便牛油,黄油,不加鹽的牛油製作



用下面的設備, 少於十分鐘便可以將超市買回來的紙盒高脂奶攪成牛油(黄油), 這樣高血壓的朋友可以享用不加鹽的牛油(黄油).

                                             Source: https://www.kilnerjar.co.uk/kilner-range/butter-making.html



真正的用家(包括牧民)會考慮將它安裝在自行車模樣設備上.  用腳踏方式生產牛油(黄油)比較省力. 因為騎自行車是比走路省力, 而用自行車馱貨用手搬運更省力.

2018年7月14日 星期六

西澳大利亞獨立? Auralia

西澳自由黨意圖脫離澳洲獨立  http://www.rthk.hk/radio/radio1/programme/City_Snapshot/episode/460089

延伸閱讀:  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auralia     https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/西澳大利亚州
投票结果是89-73西澳独立成国了?只因为税收太高 人民受不了了http://www.yeeyi.com/news/index.php?app=home&act=article&aid=182242

Would a WAxit really happen? WA Liberals to debate secession motion at state conference

Updated 31 Aug 2017


A group of West Australian Liberals has put secessionism back on the agenda, with a renewed push for the state to consider becoming an independent nation.
This week's WA Liberal conference will examine setting up a committee to consider secession, amid anger over the state's low GST share.
But experts say the cost of setting up armed forces from scratch and funding a public health system in its entirety — as well as the practical aspects of leaving Australia — make it unrealistic.
So if WA actually wanted to secede, how would it go?

What is actually being proposed?

The Liberal Party's Brand Division wants a 'WAxit' committee set up to seriously look at secession.

It would examine the option of "Western Australia becoming an independent state within the Commonwealth" and would report back by mid next year.
The Liberal state conference will consider the motion this weekend.
But even any recommendations in favour of secession would not necessarily have much impact, as motions passed at state conferences are not binding on Liberal parliamentarians.

Hasn't this come up before?

Yes — in fact secessionism has been a regular debate ever since WA somewhat reluctantly signed up to the federation more than a century ago.
In 1933, two-thirds of West Australians actually voted to secede, with Perth one of the strongest centres of support.
A delegation was sent to London to convince the United Kingdom's House of Commons to let WA go it alone, but it refused to consider the matter.
Secession movements have come and gone ever since, but none have been as prominent.

Why are people angry?

A feeling that WA gets a raw deal from the Commonwealth is the biggest driver, with advocates pointing to the state's low GST share as a key reason for this push.
There is support in high places too, with WA Liberal president Norman Moore among those who have said the state should secede without significant reform in its favour.
"There is an element who feel the state does get a raw deal from decision makers in the east," political analyst Peter Kennedy said.
"I think the majority go along with the federation, but from time to time a noisy minority do make their voice heard."

Can states secede from Australia?

The Australian Constitution describes the federation as "one indissoluble Federal Commonwealth", strongly suggesting states cannot secede.
That is one reason constitutional experts have long dismissed the prospect of secession as unrealistic.



Photo: Members of the pro-secession Dominion League meet in Western Australia during the 1933 referendum campaign. (Supplied: State Library of WA/Wikimedia Commons)

"There isn't an obvious way in which a state can legally secede from the whole of Australia," Melbourne University constitutional law expert Cheryl Saunders said two years ago.
Most likely, a serious secession attempt would need to start with a vote in favour in WA — but exactly what would need to happen beyond that is unclear.

What other difficulties are there?

If Western Australia became its own country, like any other nation it would need to fund its own military, print currency and give its citizens passports.
An independent WA would also need to fund its health and education systems on its own, set up embassies across the world, pass laws for countless issues currently covered by Federal Parliament and establish intelligence agencies.
Because of those issues, the prospect of secession is seen as unrealistic for financial reasons as much as anything else.
"I doubt whether it is economically viable for WA to secede, above anything else," Mr Kennedy said.
"Even with our stronger financial position with resources, I don't think we'd have the financial resources to do it."

WA would also be left to compete on its own in international sport, potentially pitting it against Australia in events such as international cricket and football World Cup qualification.
---------------------------------------------------

WA Liberal Party votes for watered-down secession motion

Updated 3 Sep 2017


WA Liberal Party members have passed a WAxit motion for a committee to examine if the state could become financially independent.
The motion was put forward at the party's state conference by Rick Palmer from the brand division who argued WA was getting dudded by Canberra.
"It wasn't a brainstorm one morning, this came out of the fact that a group of us had been talking to people expressing an anger at the way the federation's treating Western Australia," he said.
"It doesn't just go to the GST. We send a significant amount of revenue in the form of income tax ... capital gains tax, superannuation contributions' tax all goes to Canberra.
"Our premiers and our treasurers go over there like Oliver Twist and come back with an empty begging bowl.
"It's not reasonable and something has to change."
The motion called for the state council to establish a committee with three former members of Parliament and three members of council to "examine the option of Western Australia becoming a financially independent state".

The motion did not initially contain the word "financially" but an amendment was passed to make it "financially independent".
WA Liberal leader Mike Nahan voted against the motion.
"There is absolutely no doubt that federation that has evolved over the last many decades is doing well by Western Australia, indeed the nation," Dr Nahan said.
"I can't argue with all those points about the unfair allocation of money withdrawn from the state.
"But ... we're like a family, someone told me many people who are large families will wish they had single-child family, but that's not possible.
"We are a family, it's a great family, we need to work within the family."
The motion was passed 89 votes to 73.
The committee's response will need to be referred to the State Council by July next year.

Opponents worried about 'lunatic fringe' label

The main arguments in the "yes" camp centred around the level of discontent members were hearing from the community.
"They are furious, they're ropeable, these are the members in our branches that we have to convince to re-join because they're so angry with the lack of action," one member said.
But the "no" voters were worried that the party could be labelled as the "lunatic fringe".
WA Liberal Party state president Norman Moore supported the motion and said it would send a very clear message to Canberra.
"I think it tells them that Western Australians ... are not happy with the way in which Western Australia is being treated," Mr Moore said.
"Now the GST is symptomatic of that, but it is more than that.
"Because we are long way from Canberra we feel that we are being ignored and that our interests aren't being taken into consideration by both sides of politics."
Dr Nahan fought to have the reference "WAxit" removed from the title of the motion but Mr Moore would not budge.
His first speech to the Liberal Party faithful earlier in the day was somewhat overshadowed by the motion.
Dr Nahan used his speech to acknowledge the "mistakes" the party had made that led them to an overwhelming loss in the March election and outlined his plan to woo back voters.
"[WA voters] turned from us to the Labor Party in large numbers," Dr Nahan said.
"Our job is to bring them back. The party of Mike's mates."

First posted 3 Sep 2017
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过去十年每一个西澳人居然给堪培拉送了那么多钱!

2017-09-14   http://www.sohu.com/a/191893498_816122
西澳纳税人在过去十年间向联邦政府输送了1710亿澳元,相当于其他州和领地对西澳的贡献坐享其成。
按人均计算,每一位西澳人都贡献了$71,299澳元来支持整个国家的运转。而北领地相当于每个人都领取了$166,000的补助。只有新州自2005年起开始对联邦政府有财政贡献,但其贡献与西澳比起来,就相形见绌了。


财政部在上一周的预算中透露,西澳对联邦的经贡献是217亿元,相当于每人8516澳元;新州的贡献约为每人599澳元;维州的贡献约为每人216澳元。

南澳是联邦中最大的伸手党,从联邦政府那里拿了比贡献更多的93亿澳元。但是若从人均获得基数上看,北领地是遥遥领先的,平均每人伸手要到了18,972澳元的补助。

在过去十年,西澳向中央政府上交了1710亿澳元,远远大于他所分配到的资金。南澳获得了710亿澳元的分配;北领地获得了人均166,000澳元,总数380亿澳元的配额。

财政部长Ben Wyatt说,西澳的贡献应该是联邦政府在资金分配时考虑的一个重要因素。堪培拉应该考虑将更多的资金分配给西澳,比如在西澳提出修建Metronet线路时。西澳在补贴别的州的同时,也有自己的财政困难。

如今,许多的西澳家庭正在面临财政上的困难。而这组数据的发布,会让大家深深的感到震惊。因此西澳人的沮丧,是合情合理的。
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西澳自由黨大會將成立委員會,研究西澳脫離聯邦成為獨立州的選項。https://www.sbs.com.au/yourlanguage/cantonese/zh-hant/article/2017/08/31/zi-you-dang-du-pai-tai-tou-zai-chang-xi-ao-du-li?language=zh-hant


西澳有自由黨員不滿消費稅稅收分配「過低」,將成立委員會研究西澳脫離聯邦成為獨立州的選項。
費法斯傳媒報導,本週末舉行的西澳自由黨州大會上,將有自由黨人動議西澳脫離聯邦獨立,預料動議可獲西澳自由黨高層支持,並將組成委員會研究選項。
如果動議獲通過,委員會將由三名自由黨前議員、三名州理事會現任委員和一名行政人員組成,在明年 7 月前作出建議,但建議對自由黨在西澳的州議員無約束力。
獨派:獨立對西澳有利
有自由黨員不滿西澳只能分配到 34% 消費稅稅收。
西澳自加入聯邦起,一直認為自己受到人口眾多的州份歧視,近年有派別認為西澳洲礦業暢旺期貢獻澳洲經濟太多,失大於得,脫離聯邦對西澳有利。
投票獨立遭駁回
西澳在 1933 年投票,過半數西澳選民贊成脫離澳洲聯邦,但澳洲聯邦政府成功游說英國國會駁回投票結果。
澳洲憲法並無條款允許任何一州及領地脫離聯邦。憲法專家指,西澳脫離澳洲聯邦唯一可行方法,是通過澳洲全民公投。
西澳獨派的自治主張,並不一定讓西澳成立完全獨立的國家,但期望西澳擺脫澳洲聯邦政府的管治,在稅收和行政上完全獨立。

2018年7月10日 星期二

每年百宗阿根廷冠軍馬的複製及其配種牟利活動



圖文轉載自:  https://www.cbsnews.com/news/the-clones-of-polo













The clones of polo

The horses of an Argentine polo club may look normal, but the way they came into existence is anything but conventional.
You don't expect to hear that some of the most cutting-edge biotechnology is now part of the elite game of polo, "the ancient sport of kings."
But on a trip to Argentina last December, we went to a big polo match -- and discovered that several of the champion horses on the field were clones.
It's a big day in Buenos Aires — the final match in this year's World Cup/Super Bowl of polo called the Argentine Open – with the usual pageantry, the tango included. In polo, the horses, called ponies, are just as important as their riders.
The two teams are La Dolfina in white and Ellerstina in black.







                                                                                          Adolfo Cambiaso   CBS News
                                  

Each team has four players who ride as many as a dozen horses during matches. All of the players today have reached the highest ranking in the sport – a 10 goal handicap.
The player generating the most interest is the man in the blue and white helmet, Adolfo Cambiaso. He's led his team to victory for the last five years. At 42, he's the Tom Brady of polo.
Adolfo Cambiaso: I love the sport that I do. I love polo. I love horses.  And so I try to be the best.
Lesley Stahl: You are number one in the world in your sport. That's stunning, isn't it?
Adolfo Cambiaso: It's strange. When they say it to you, you don't feel like it but…
Lesley Stahl: How long have you had this title? How many years?
Adolfo Cambiaso: For 22 years.
Lesley Stahl: You've been the best in the world for 22 years?
Adolfo Cambiaso: That's what they say.
At age 25, Adolfo decided to create his own polo team called La Dolfina, and a breeding business from scratch. Today he has nearly a 1000 horses that are fed a special diet of plants and grasses grown on his massive farms.
Adolfo Cambiaso: If they have a little pain somewhere I dig a swimming pool for them just to swim.
A swimming pool for the horses, where they do laps and stretch out their sore muscles.
Lesley Stahl: And they like it?
Adolfo Cambiaso: They love it.
Lesley Stahl: They do? They like to--
Adolfo Cambiaso: They love it. They jump on. It's amazing.
His most prized horse for a long time was named Aiken Cura. But at the Argentine Open 12 years ago, Aiken Cura's leg was broken. And Adolfo was devastated.
Adolfo Cambiaso: More than anything, I say, "Save this horse."
Lesley Stahl: He was your favorite--
Adolfo Cambiaso: Yes.
But the horse could not be saved. Before they put him down, Adolfo made a fateful decision: he asked his veterinarian to save some of the horse's skin cells.  He thought that one day he could bring Aiken Cura back to life through cloning.
Adolfo Cambiaso: I was really sad and I say cloning should work --
Lesley Stahl: How did that come into your head?
Adolfo Cambiaso: I don't know. I decided to keep some cells from him, just in case years later-- cloning-- is normal.
He remembered Dolly the sheep, the first cloned mammal. Since then, scientists have cloned cows, pigs, goats, and in 2003, the first horse.
Biologist Adrian Mutto, one of the first scientists to clone in Argentina, showed us the process: he starts with an egg extracted minutes earlier from a mare.
Dr. Adrian Mutto: You can see here, this is an egg. And with that needle, we eliminate all DNA of each egg.
Next, he replaces it with the DNA of the horse they want to clone.
Dr. Adrian Mutto: The next step is introduce again into the, into the egg the needle. This is the DNA into the egg.
Lesley Stahl: You did it?
Dr. Adrian Mutto: Yeah This is our cell and this is the egg.
Lesley Stahl: And that's it.
Dr. Adrian Mutto: That's it.
The new embryos are then incubated for one week. No sperm has been involved.
Dr. Adrian Mutto: We don't need the sperm.
Lesley Stahl: There's no male--
Dr. Adrian Mutto: Yes. Yes, no male here. Only me.
Lesley Stahl: But-- but that's incredible. The-- there-- it's-- so it's not a male-female reproduction at all.
Dr. Adrian Mutto: Yes.
Lesley Stahl: You're just taking a cell from whichever. Could be a mare or could be a male horse--
Dr. Adrian Mutto: Yes.
Lesley Stahl: And you're putting it in this egg--
Dr. Adrian Mutto: The cell, into the egg.
Lesley Stahl: No sex at all?
Dr. Adrian Mutto: And-- we, no. Poor horses.
The incubated egg is implanted in a surrogate mare who gives birth to the clone –- like this one that's 3 weeks old.
Cloning represented a business opportunity to this man, Texas oil heir and polo enthusiast Alan Meeker. He had long dreamt of building a fleet of champion horses, and now had a way to do it.
Alan Meeker: I did some short math and I realized it would take 50 years and about $100 million to do what I wanted to do. And I thought, "Well, why don't I just clone a bunch of horses, really, really good horses.
In 2009, Meeker founded a horse-cloning business and, a year later, licensed the technology that was used to clone Dolly the sheep.
Alan Meeker: "Okay, now-- now I need to find the best horses." So I put together an idea of licensing the genetics from the very best-- breeders in polo. I knew some people that knew Adolpho.
Lesley Stahl: Was he considered one of the best breeders? Not just the best players, but also one of the best breeders?
Alan Meeker: Breeders and owners of horses. His horses were performing better than anyone else.
Lesley Stahl: When Alan first approached you about cloning?
Adolfo Cambiaso: And I say yes the first day.
Lesley Stahl: Immediately.
Adolfo Cambiaso: Yes.
Lesley Stahl: And, "Guess what," you said, "Alan, guess what I have"?
Adolfo Cambiaso: Yeah. I wanna tell him that I have-- cells from a horse that I really loved that I would love to clone.
It took a while to get it right – one attempt failed, but after two years, Adolfo got his wish. The birth of a clone of his beloved Aiken Cura who grew into this magnificent, healthy horse, almost exactly like the original in strength, athletic ability and temperament.
Adolfo Cambiaso: When I saw him, I couldn't believe it.
Lesley Stahl: Did you know by just looking-- and of course it was a little foal at that point--
Adolfo Cambiaso: Yes. It was. But…
Lesley Stahl: You could tell?
Adolfo Cambiaso: To make sure, I took some hair from him, and I bring him back to Argentina to do the DNA.
Lesley Stahl: To double-check.
Adolfo Cambiaso: To double-check it was him.
At the same time, he decided to clone another horse -- his biggest star -– a mare called Cuartetera.
Now 17 years old, the original has been playing polo since she was 4 - a year younger than most polo ponies – simply because she took to the game so quickly.   
Adolfo Cambiaso: I think she's born to play, you know? There is those horses in life or like soccer players like Messi. It's not many.
Lesley Stahl: Like you.
Adolfo Cambiaso: No. I don't know. No. But what I'm saying, this horse is amazing.
He took us to the barn where Cuartetera lives with eight of her clones.
Adolfo Cambiaso: You see those-- these two little points--
Lesley Stahl: Yeah.
Adolfo Cambiaso: From this little point is where you make all these horses.
Lesley Stahl: This is where they took the cells—
Adolfo Cambiaso: Exactly.
Lesley Stahl: --to make the other--
Adolfo Cambiaso: To make the other. Because of her you get all these ones.
Lesley Stahl: And that was what you were thinking?
Adolfo Cambiaso: Yes.
Lesley Stahl: "I'm gonna"--
Adolfo Cambiaso: That was my dream but everybody was--
Lesley Stahl: --"clone the best."
Adolfo Cambiaso: --saying that I was crazy. And I like it right now because I'm having a good time hearing those people.
Lesley Stahl: Yeah, they're saying, "He's not so crazy anymore"-
And look what he's done: in seven years, he and his partners have created more than a dozen clones of Cuartetera.
Dr. Adrian Mutto: It's incredible for me. I never lose my, wow, this is-- my production.  This is my equine daughter.
Dr. Mutto, who was hired as the lead scientist in Adolfo's cloning business, took us to see the Cuartetera clones he thinks of as his children.
Dr. Adrian Mutto: This is-- Cuartetera number five.
Lesley Stahl: Oh my God.
Dr. Adrian Mutto: This is number four. Number three. Number nine.
Lesley Stahl: Oh my God.
Dr. Adrian Mutto: Number six.
Lesley Stahl: You can tell which one.
Dr. Adrian Mutto: Yeah, be--
Lesley Stahl: You're not reading anything--
Dr. Adrian Mutto: --because I know her by the-- but-- they are-- are all clones.
Dr. Adrian Mutto: Yes. Right now, we have 14.
Lesley Stahl: Just from Cuartetera?
Dr. Adrian Mutto: 14, and next year, 10 more. And 2019, 10 more.
In all, there are more than 100 clones from several of their best horses. In each case, he said the clones are strikingly similar to the originals in disposition, athletic ability and appearance. But not exactly. For example, the Cuartetera clones all have white markings, but with different shapes and in different places, some on the face; some on the ankle.
But all the Cuarteteras seem to have inherited the original's calm, self-contained personality.
Lesley Stahl: So the genetics include this temperament?
Adolfo Cambiaso: Yes.
Lesley Stahl: And do the clones get along with each other?
Adolfo Cambiaso: Yeah, because they live together all year long. So-- from here, they go to the farm together, then they move in blocks. If you take one out of them, they are looking for it.
Lesley Stahl: They miss the one that you take out.
Adolfo Cambiaso: Yeah.
Lesley Stahl: Did the clones have any special health issues?
Adolfo Cambiaso: No.
We talked to scientists at the National Institute of Health and were told there is no evidence that cloned animals suffer disproportionate health problems, though they have a slightly higher infant mortality rate. At first, many of Adolfo's cloned embryos died during gestation. But they refined their technique and now tell us they have an 85 percent successful birth rate and have not experienced any health problems.
Lesley Stahl: So as far as you are thinking, they're exactly the same in health, longevity.



Adolfo Cambiaso: Si.
Lesley Stahl: Ability to play the game, all of it.
Adolfo Cambiaso: Similar. Similar. Not exactly the same…
Lesley Stahl: What are the differences?
Adolfo Cambiaso: There is some that are a little bigger. Some eat more, some eat less. Or they move a little bit different. But the mind are really similar.  The good thing about it, they are machines, all of them.
Machines -– that's polo talk for horses that never quit.
But how would they perform in competition? At the final at the Argentine Open, Adolfo gambled that his Cuartetera clones would be as good as the original and, for the first time, he rode them almost exclusively.
Regulators of thoroughbred horse racing worldwide have taken a firm stand against cloning. But there is no such prohibition in polo and so cloning is spreading to teams beyond Adolfo Cambiaso's. It raises some thorny questions: does cloning give a team an unfair advantage? Is it ethical? And where will it lead?
In December, at the final match of the Argentine Open in Buenos Aires, one team rode clones while the other refused to. The competition was as much about the merits of cloning as it was a sporting contest.
Out of more than 850 professional polo players, Argentine native Adolfo Cambiaso – wearing the blue and white helmet and the jersey marked number one, is the best player in the world. He's held that ranking for 22 years and is now leading a cloning revolution. He's cloning his best horses; the one he's riding is a clone. He's competing on them – and winning.
Lesley Stahl: When you're on one of the clones playing, is there a special feeling? Knowing that h-- you know, this is something that was your idea, you brought it to life--
Adolfo Cambiaso: Yeah. In this stage of my career-- the last couple of years for me to play and prove that the clone works and play with Cuarteteras and everything is an extra motivation for myself, for sure.
Lesley Stahl: I don't know that you need extra motivation.
Adolfo Cambiaso: Yeah, I do. I do.
He's created 14 clones of Cuartetera, his very best horse – a 17-year-old mare who is fast, easy to direct and can turn on a dime. She was honored last year as the best polo horse in history. Her clones seem to be just as gifted.
Lesley Stahl: Are they all as good – I want to call her Mama. I don't–- That's probably not the right word.

Adolfo Cambiaso: The original. Yeah.
Lesley Stahl: Are they as good?
Adolfo Cambiaso: I already won two Argentine Opens with the clones. So they will end up being as good as her I think.
Cuartetera's clones are identified by numbers.
Lesley Stahl: Shouldn't they have names?
Adolfo Cambiaso: They have names.
Lesley Stahl: Well, they don't.
Adolfo Cambiaso: Cuartetera.
Lesley Stahl: Yeah, but-- m--
Adolfo Cambiaso: Cuartetera one, two, three, four--
Lesley Stahl: Was that your idea?
Adolfo Cambiaso: Yes. Because I-- I believe that she is a Cuartetera. All of the ones that I ride, they are Cuarteteras.
Lesley Stahl: So you actually think--
Adolfo Cambiaso: She's Cuartetera when I play.
Lesley Stahl: When you're-- so six is Cuartetera, is--
Adolfo Cambiaso: Is Cuartetera.
Lesley Stahl: And when you're on nine, it's the same thing?
Adolfo Cambiaso: Cuartetera.
Lesley Stahl: But she's an individual.
Adolfo Cambiaso: Yes. But the DN-- DNA, it's a Cuartetera.
Lesley Stahl: But when you have identical twins, they each get a name.
Adolfo Cambiaso: But this is not twins, it's a clone.
They can now create 100 clones a year and they're using them in Adolfo's already successful breeding business. They mate the clones with champion horses and sell their foals ( 指的是未滿一歲的小馬, 公的叫colt , 母的叫filly) for up to $250,000. But they never sell the clones.

Adolfo Cambiaso: You sell the clone, you sell the blood, you sell the line, you sell the DNA, you sell everything if you sell a clone.
Ernesto Gutierrez: We keep the key of the genetics and this was, I think, the good business to make that decision in the past.
The idea of never selling the clones came from Ernesto Gutierrez, a shrewd Argentine businessman, who became a third partner in the cloning venture. The cloning operation was set up here on his 500-acre property outside Buenos Aires that includes three polo fields, and a nursery where the clones are born. They are carried by surrogate mares who treat them like their own.
Lesley Stahl: Are these all cloned babies in here?
Ernesto Gutierrez: All cloned babies?  Yeah.
Lesley Stahl: And these are the surrogate mothers? And does the mother think it's totally her baby?
Ernesto Gutierrez: Totally, totally. Look at that.
Gutierrez took us back to see the newest one – that 3-week-old clone of Cuartetera who has her own nurse.
Lesley Stahl: Oh, look how sweet. And frisky. Oh, look at that, oh my.
Not everyone in polo thinks cloning is a good idea - including Adolfo Cambiaso's main rival and opponent at the final of the Argentine Open.
Facundo Pieres: There's a lot of guys cloning. But I think that they have to be careful, you know because, the thing is that they're opening too much, you know? I mean--
Lesley Stahl: Pandora's Box. You know what that means? They let-- opened the lid. And all the problems come out—
Facundo Pieres: Exactly.
Facundo Pieres is number two in the world, right behind Adolfo. He showed us what he can do, like dribble a three-inch ball in the air while galloping down the field 20 miles an hour. He's the captain of Ellerstina, an old-school team made up of three brothers and a cousin.  They are committed to keeping it a family enterprise.
Lesley Stahl: Do you ever get angry at each other?
Facundo Pieres: Yes. Yes, but in a good way. Never-- never bad.
His team is headquartered at another sprawling estate where they operate a multi-million dollar breeding business selling foals and embryos. They believe they can produce better horses through their breeding practices - by mixing the DNA of two different horses, rather than by replicating just one.
Facundo Pieres: We wanna keep it this way. What we have here is amazing
Lesley Stahl: In polo, what's more important, the horse or the player? I was told that it's 80 percent the horse. Sorry--
Facundo Pieres: Yes, I-- I agree. No--
Lesley Stahl: No offense.
Facundo Pieres: No, I agree. I agree. I totally agree. I think that the horse is. But of course, you need to have a little bit of-- of talent and ability and-- and experience in the head, you know?
Facundo's team – Ellerstina - has made it to the finals the last 4 years, but lost each time to Adolfo Cambiaso's team. Fueling the rivalry on the field is a bitter history between them: Adolfo played on the Ellerstina team for 9 years.
Adolfo Cambiaso: Because of what happened, that I left Ellerstina and the rivalry is there--
Lesley Stahl: Intense.
Adolfo Cambiaso: Yeah.
Lesley Stahl: To this minute.
Adolfo Cambiaso: Yeah.
Lesley Stahl: Do you feel it too?
Adolfo Cambiaso: But it's fun.
Lesley Stahl: Oh, you like it--
Adolfo Cambiaso: You gotta have rivalry to be better player too.
There's more. Before he left Ellerstina, Adolfo bought Cuartetera, as an embryo, from the Pieres family… the very horse he is now cloning to compete against them.
Adolfo Cambiaso: I was lucky to end up with Cuartetera.
Lesley Stahl: You cloned from the best horse in the world.
Adolfo Cambiaso: But she's born on my farm. I create her.
Lesley Stahl: There are people who object to cloning on religious grounds… Or on moral grounds. So what is the answer when people challenge you? When they say, 'Man should not be doing this' because of these difficult spiritual questions?
Adolfo Cambiaso: I don't see it, I don't see it wrong, to be honest. I'm just-- doing something for-- to improve my game, my sport. And I think the Cuateteras did improve my game, my sport. And I'm not going farther than that.
Lesley Stahl: But, is there an unfair advantage in terms of the game, in terms of the sport?
Adolfo Cambiaso: No, because everybody's able to clone. Now everybody's kind of trying to start cloning. So the advantage is that I did it seven years ago.
Lesley Stahl: So in 30 years, people will still be riding Cuartetera?
Adolfo Cambiaso:  Yes.
Lesley Stahl: And so it could go on forever.
Adolfo Cambiaso: Yes. Yes.






Alan Meeker, the Texas businessman who is Adolfo's cloning partner, is well aware of the controversy around cloning technology in the U.S. and the ban against it in thoroughbred horse racing.

Lesley Stahl: Is a really good polo player-- does he have-- an unfair advantage if he's on a clone of one of the best-- polo horses ever?
Alan Meeker: Of course. Horses are 80 percent of the game anyway. So if Facundo Pieres finds a horse that is better than Cuartetera than he has an advantage over his competitor.
Lesley Stahl: But he'll have only one. And that horse will get tired, and he'll have to switch to another horse in the game, whereas Adolfo will have 8.
Alan Meeker: Right.
Lesley Stahl: So it's still an advantage.
Alan Meeker: Right.
Lesley Stahl: Is that fair?
Alan Meeker: Under the rules it's fair. There's no restriction on…
Lesley Stahl: I know but the game — but sportsmanship, just the nature of the game.  Has this changed the very essence of the game of polo?
Alan Meeker: No. I think what it's done is probably raise the bar.
Lesley Stahl: You're going to have to clone.
Alan Meeker: Could be. Yes.
Lesley Stahl: Do you have any moral problems with cloning a human being?
Alan Meeker: Yes. I disagree with it. I know a good reason, lots of good reasons to clone-- body parts, like hearts and lungs and pancreases, if it could be done in a productive manner, that can save lives. But I've been asked by some of the wealthiest people on planet earth to clone a human being and we--
Lesley Stahl: You have?
Alan Meeker: Absolutely.
Alan Meeker: And the answer is always-- a resounding "no."
Lesley Stahl: Well, they must have a reason.
Alan Meeker: And they won't give it to me.
Lesley Stahl: They don't tell you why?
Alan Meeker: No.
Lesley Stahl: I'm thinking if science can do it, science will do it and maybe one day, you know, they'll be clones and we'll laugh at all the people who were questioning the morality of it now.
Alan Meeker: Someday someone will do it--
Lesley Stahl: Yes.
Alan Meeker: And we will either laugh or we will cry. But I'm not gonna be the one to take that-- that leap.
Lesley Stahl: It could be done today.
Alan Meeker: Yes.
Lesley Stahl: I assumed there'd be a big difference between a horse and a human. Lots of differences.
Alan Meeker: Surprisingly little. Yeah. Surprisingly little.
At the final match at the Argentine open, Adolfo's team and the clones were expected to win, but seven minutes in, Facundo's team was ahead, three goals to one.
Adolfo's team fought back; at halftime, the score was, the cloners, 7; the breeders, 6. It was so tense that at times it was as quiet as a tennis match.
The end of the game was thrilling: as expected, Adolfo's team was ahead, 13 to 10, but then Facundo's team in a final blast came back to tie the match.  
Adolfo Cambiaso: I never think I'm-- I gonna lose.  I never.
Lesley Stahl: Well, we saw you right before the overtime.
Adolfo Cambiaso: Yeah.
Lesley Stahl: And here you are. Like that.
Adolfo Cambiaso: In that moment, I was trying to think, "Which is the best horse for that moment?"
He debated, should it be Cuartetera 9? Or 5? Finally he picked number 6.
In the first minute of the sudden death overtime, Facundo's team lost control of the ball.
Adolfo's team recovered and Adolfo on his mighty Cuartetera 6 outran everyone and whacked the ball setting up the winning shot.
Watching, you had to wonder: was it the clones or the world's best player that made the difference?












大體老師李敖陳肇始陳立基

15年前鳳凰衛視之《李敖有話說》:「我李敖在我活著的時候就把我的屍體捐出來了」,放話將把遺體捐給台大醫院,眼角膜可給路人,至於骨頭可以掛在台大,打趣說要讓後人知道他「多麼有骨氣」,其次也開放恨他入骨的人參觀,但他曾因攝護腺癌手術撤回捐贈  Source: http://www.chinatimes.com/realtimenews/20180322002574-260404


香港大學生物醫學學院副教授陳立基見證港人對捐贈遺體的態度逐漸開放,他回憶道,港大40多年前接收第一具遺體作為醫科生的「大體老師」,助其學習解剖知識,惟捐贈數目一直寥寥無幾,時至10年前推出遺體捐贈計劃,情況漸改善,由初時每年3至4宗,增加至近年每年數十至近100宗捐贈,登記捐贈人數更達2000至3000人。身為醫科生老師,陳立基毫不猶豫地「身教」,決定日後離世後捐出遺體當「大體老師」: 「棟喺度教佢哋,瞓喺度(過世)教多佢哋一次。」. 食物及衞生局局長陳肇始表示,器官及遺體捐贈也是發揮大愛精神,而本港每年有2000多人等候器官捐贈,但成功移植器官者僅100人左右,呼籲市民支持器官捐贈。她又指,不時收到熱心人士查詢,擔心捐器官及捐遺體只可二揀一,她強調兩者無砥觸,可以把適合器官捐予有需要病人,再當上「大體老師」作醫學教育,而她透露日後一旦離世也會選擇這樣做。
Source: https://www.hk01.com/社會新聞/118024/港大解剖學專家願做大體老師-決死後捐遺體-身教-助醫科生實踐 


食物及衞生局局長陳肇始, 右為港大生物醫學學院副教授陳立基(張美蘭攝)Source: https://www.hk01.com/社會新聞/118024/港大解剖學專家願做大體老師-決死後捐遺體-身教-助醫科生實踐 

下圖為香港大學捐贈表格之部份規章:


                                                          Source: https://www.med.hku.hk/bdp/chineseform.pdf


收拾遺體因而是教學科研的一個組成部份, 不存在"教授執垃圾影響校譽"問題.  大學醫學院以外, 其他院糸有沒有類似的回收研究活動?  答案是全部都有.  問題的癥結是為什麼會產生這一類問題?  它的社會背景是什麼?  

2018年7月8日 星期日

台湾离岸风电竞价最低2.2元

台湾离岸风电竞价最低2.2元


2018-07-06 中国时报     轉載自:    https://www.china5e.com/news/news-1033603-1.html                 

近日,台湾离岸风电竞价开标,北陆电力与玉山能源、沃旭等2家开发商,共4个风场获选,令外界跌破眼镜的是获选竞价价格为每度2.2245元至2.5481元,不仅低于目前陆域风电2.8元,也低于台电现今平均电价2.6元。业者不讳言,这结果可谓为积极发展离岸风电的亚洲市场投下震撼弹。

经济部长沈荣津日前表示,竞价厂商与遴选最大的不同是,不必配合建立本土供应链、基础设施,成本较低,每度价格应可低于5元。昨日面对结果,沈荣津满面笑容透露,这次竞争真的激烈。

经济部于6月22日完成离岸风电场址竞价开价作业,并邀请竞价厂商全程参与,计有7家开发商、12个离岸风场争取1664MW竞价容量。结果出炉后,部分业者面色凝重步出会场,也有业者认为价格有够夸张。今年度离岸风电趸购电价约为每度5.8元,这次得标价不只低于其一半,也低于目前陆域风电价格。据了解,这次价格较具竞争优势、排名前半厂商,厮杀相当激烈,多压在每度3元以下。

而得标风场包括北陆电力(NPI)与玉山能源的海龙二号及海龙三号,以及沃旭的大彰化西南与大彰化西北风场,预估在2024至2025年完工并联。其中海龙二号获配容量232MW,得标价格每度2.2245元;海龙三号获配容量512MW,得标价格每度2.5025元;大彰化西南获配容量337.1MW,得标价格每度2.5480元;大彰化西北获配容量582.9MW,得标价格每度2.5481元。
这次竞价沃旭取得920MW并网容量,加计遴选并网容量,总获配1820MW,可说是最大赢家。沃旭能源亚太区总经理暨台湾董事长柏森文指出,2年前沃旭来台投资,在台北设立亚太总部。如今获得大彰化离岸风场在2025年的并网容量,代表沃旭拥有坚实基础,可以进一步拓展在台据点。

沃旭不讳言,当初透过遴选取得900MW并网容量,拥有相对高的趸购电价,有助于建立本地供应链并使其更加成熟,且可预见至2023年进一步投资时,当时风机技术提升、运维成本及风险也都显著降低,经谨慎评估才会开出这个价格。

市场人士分析,以2009年台湾初发展太阳能发电时的趸购价每度逾10元,离岸风电价格由之前遴选时的5.8元降至竞价的2.2245元至2.5481元,确实降很大,但距2024至2025年完工并联还有6至7年。

离岸风电竞价开标,得标价格比台电平均电价2.6元还低,业者大叹“有够夸张”。(DONGEnergy提供)