2018年10月21日 星期日

埃賽俄比亞的潮濕空氣集水塔

設計師創天然集水塔 造福衣索比亞

2014-10-11  https://blog.xuite.net/hsu440122171/twblog/245994933-設計師創天然集水塔+造福衣索比亞 〔本報訊〕非洲許多地方飽受無水之苦,一如衣索比亞山區,想要獲得寶貴的水資源就必須遠走他處,或是向下挖掘近450公尺才能探到水脈,有些水源甚至早已受到污染。義大利設計師艾托羅(Arturo Vittori)便發明出一種可以從空氣中收集水分的集水塔「Warka Water」,來解決當地缺水問題。


義大利設計師艾托羅(音譯)發明天然集水塔,希望解決衣索比亞乾旱問題。(圖擷取自Catalogodiseno網站)


空氣中的水氣會在內部的網子凝結成珠,然後向下滑落。(圖擷取自Catalogodiseno網站)


底下的儲水盆每天至少可以收集到95公升的水資源。(圖擷取自Catalogodiseno網站)

集水塔只要花費約1.6萬台幣,4人1組便可以製成,而且材料大多使用當地素材,成本相當低。(圖擷取自Catalogodiseno網站)
《每日郵報》報導,這座約9公尺高、39公斤重的的集水塔,可以凝結清晨的霧氣等空氣中的水分,集中在塔下的儲水盆,單座水塔1日至少能收集到約95公升的水量,而且成本遠遠比挖掘水脈還低,艾托羅直接採用當地的一種Warka樹以及藺草,編成外圍花瓶狀的籠子,再用尼龍和聚丙烯等材質編成內部凝結水分的網子,不需要先進的高科技,只要花費約550美金(約1.6萬台幣)的材料費用,4人1組就可以做出一座水塔。
艾托羅指出,這項發明是為了提供乾淨的水資源,以及確保環境、經濟、社會等可以永續發展,「如果當地居民學會了製作方法,他們可以去其他的村莊教學,指導他們如何建造水塔,」艾托羅目前正在找尋資金贊助,希望2015年可以在衣索比亞廣泛實施。
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以下圖文轉載自: https://www.wired.com/2015/01/architecture-and-vision-warkawater

A Bamboo Tower That Produces Water From Air



The WarkaWater tower produces water by harvesting rain, fog and dew from the air.
The tower uses three system to capture each of the weather phenomena. A polyester mesh net fathers moisture from fog, rain collects directly into a holding tank and dew is directly down a funnel into the tank.


The WarkaWater tower is an unlikely structure to find jutting from the Ethiopian landscape. At 30 feet tall and 13 feet wide, it’s not half as big as its namesake tree (which can loom 75 feet tall), but it’s striking nonetheless. The spindly tower, of latticed bamboo lined with orange polyester mesh, isn’t art—though it does kind of look like it. Rather, the structure is designed to wring water out of the air, providing a sustainable source of H2O for developing countries.
Created by Arturo Vittori and his team at Architecture and Vision, the towers harvest water from rain, fog and dew. This isn’t a new idea—people have been doing this for as long as they've needed water, often with air wells. Often built as high-rising stone structures, air wells gather moisture from the air and funnel it into a basin for collection. The WarkaWater functions in much the same way, using mesh netting to capture moisture and direct it into hygienic holding tank accessed via a spout.
We wrote about the towers last year when Vittori unveiled a full-size prototype. The company has a newer version of the WarkaWater and a Kickstarter campaign to fund field testing in Ethiopia later this year. Based on tests performed in its Italian lab, the company claims the latest iteration can harvest 13 to 26.4 gallons of water daily. That’s less than most people flush away each day, but a significant quantity in a country where some 60 million people lack sufficient potable water.


How the system works. Illustration: WarkaWater
The new prototype has some key upgrades: The exterior is of bamboo rather than juncus, the top of the tower has reflective pieces to deter birds, and the structure is larger (13 feet wide, up from 7). This doubled the surface area of its water-resistant polyester mesh netting—the orange material you see—so more water is collected as fog permeates the fine mesh. MIT has been researching a similar fog harvesting technique that draws inspiration from the Namib beetle. The process of collecting rain is straightforward, but capturing dew is slightly more complicated. Dew forms when the surface area temperature drops relative to the surrounding air. This happens most often in the time between nightfall and sunrise. Vittori is researching materials for the funnel section of the WarkaWater (between mesh netting and the tank) that will lose heat as quickly as possible in order to optimize the small window of dew-production.
The WarkaWater will cost around $1,000 to produce and requires no electricity. Vittori says it takes less than an hour to assemble the five modules into a finished tower, making it easily packed and moved as necessary. The practical goal is for the WarkaWater to become an efficient round-the-clock water production machine. But populating the landscape with alien towers is about more than just functionality, it’s about architecture. You can tell Vittori wanted to design something iconic, but beyond that is the tower’s potential to the social nexus of a village. With fabric canopies that stretch out like a peplum skirt, the towers could be a place where people gather to socialize and seek shelter from the sun, just as they would beneath a leafy Warka tree.

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