佛德角2020全綠電

博主註: 佛德角用的是丹麥維斯塔斯Vestas風車.  片集The Island Diaries http://islanddiaries.knowledge.ca/islands/Cape-Verde  指出2020 佛德角將以風力達致全綠電 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5qsb4I4WXSg     搜索  Ashden Award: Cabeolica, Cape Verde, Wind-powered energy security

維德角共和國（葡萄牙語：República de Cabo Verde），簡稱維德角，是一個位於非洲西岸的大西洋島國。它橫跨大西洋中部的10個火山島，距離西非海岸線570公里。獨立前是葡萄牙的殖民地，國名「維德角」在葡萄牙語意為「綠角」。人口約50萬，其中四分之一的人口居住在首都普拉亞。 國內生產總值（購買力平價）人均6,691美元 , 國內生產總值（國際匯率）  人均3,057美元 Source: Wikipedia  . 該國漁民打的都是大魚 https://www.capeverdeislands.org/fishing-in-cape-verde

             Cape Verde’s goal is 100% renewable energy by 2025. Why it may just do it

November 5, 2017 轉載自: https://theconversation.com/cape-verdes-goal-is-100-renewable-energy-by-2025-why-it-may-just-do-it-85759

                                                                                              Source: Google map

Cape Verde, the small island archipelago nation off Africa’s northwest coast, has set itself a very bold renewable energy target. As part of its “sustainable energy for all” agenda, it has pledged to obtain 100% of its electricity from renewable resources by 2025. 

Cape Verde is made up of 10 islands, nine of which are inhabited, that lie about 600km west of Senegal. Almost all of the islands’ 550,000 residents have access to electricity, but about one-third still rely on firewood and charcoal for cooking. Cape Verde’s per capita electricity consumption of 727 kWh per person per year is substantially higher than the sub-Saharan Africa average of 488 kWh per person per year. But electricity prices are high. They range from US$0.26 - 0.32 in recent years compared, for example, to an average of US$0.13 for residential homes in the US. 

Although most of its electricity is produced by generators, which run on imported petroleum products, Cape Verde has started to diversify its energy portfolio. A quarter is now provided by renewable sources. This is good news because there are estimates that, between 2015 and 2020, Cape Verde will almost double its annual electricity consumption to 670 GWh, up from 360 GWh. 

With cutting-edge technologies and innovative business practices, Cape Verde can achieve its 100% renewable energy goal in a way that is cost-effective and equitable. One research team suggested that a system based on solar, wind and energy storage (as batteries and pumped hydropower) could meet Cape Verde’s goals. It certainly has a wide range of options for increasing its share of renewable energy to achieve this. 

Some countries obtain almost all of their electricity from renewable sources, but these have substantial hydroelectric resources. Cape Verde, lacking large hydropower resources, would be unique in achieving 100% renewable energy with a diverse resource mix. 

Resource variety Like its mainland African neighbours, Cape Verde has a variety of resources and technologies to choose from. It has wind resources like Morocco, the solar potential of the Sahel, geothermal resources like Kenya, and marine energy comparable to many coastal countries. 

Cape Verde’s northeasterly trade winds are considered excellent for wind power production. A wind farm typically requires wind speeds of at least 6.4 m/s at 50m above ground. Cape Verde’s average annual wind speeds exceed 9.0 m/s at the wind farm. Already three of the islands, including the two most populated, produce about 25% of their electricity from wind turbines. But without energy storage there is little opportunity to expand wind energy on these islands. 

Another technology that could be integrated into the electricity generation offering is the country’s desalination systems. Many of Cape Verde’s communities depend partially, or entirely, on these for drinking water. Desalination systems require electricity and can be run at times when the wind turbines are operating, but electricity demand is low – such as at night. 

Additionally, the desalinated freshwater can be pumped into a high-elevation reservoir and used for energy. When demand peaks the water flows back down, spinning hydro turbines and generating electricity in the process. Integrating desalination and energy systems like this could be highly beneficial. For example, on the island of São Vicente it could enable wind turbines to meet up to 84% of the island’s electricity demand. 

Like many African countries, Cape Verde’s tropical location has good potential for solar photovoltaic (PV) electricity. One study suggests that the solar PV capacity potential is more than double the currently installed electrical generating capacity. Most of the potential development is on the densely populated island of Santiago. The challenge, as with wind, is integrating irregular flows into the grid. 

Cape Verde could also take advantage of an emerging technology called ocean thermal energy conversion. This uses the difference between warm surface water and cold, deep ocean water to produce electricity. It works best in equatorial latitudes where there is a large difference in temperature between surface water and deep water. Assessments show that the ocean waters around the southernmost tip of Santiago might be suitable for it. 

In addition, as a volcanic archipelago Cape Verde has potential for geothermal energy – which uses heat from the earth. Both geothermal and ocean thermal energy conversion electricity generation have the advantage of running all the time. This provides baseload power, meeting the minimum level of power demand all day. 

Energy technologies 

When it comes to distributing and paying for energy, systems also need a re-think. 

Although the centralised grid model of electricity has been effective, technological advancements are making community-based “micro-grids” increasingly attractive. At least three communities in Cape Verde are already using a solar and wind-based micro-grid. 

A microgrid is a local electricity grid. It includes electricity generation, distribution to customers, and, in some cases, energy storage. It’s beneficial because solar- or wind-based microgrids are cleaner than diesel-based systems and have lower life cycle costs. Microgrids are also often connected to the main electricity grid but can disconnect and operate independently, for example, when a storm damages the main grid. 

“Pay-as-you-go” energy systems have also revolutionised the delivery of electricity services in Africa. They integrate energy technologies, mobile communications and mobile banking. This allows households to purchase “solar home systems” and pay the cost over time. Kenya and Tanzania have emerged as leaders in this sector and are home to companies such as M-KOPA, Mobisol, and Off-Grid Electric. Pay-as-you-go systems could enable Cape Verde to reach its renewable energy goals without the large capital investments of centralised systems. 

Cape Verde has already had tremendous success in integrating wind and solar into its energy system. By adopting cutting-edge technologies and innovative business practices, Cape Verde can achieve its 100% renewable energy goal in a way that is cost-effective and equitable.

How The Wind Brought Ana Monteiro Back To Cabo Verde

 Ann Brown  轉載自: http://www.avontade-tours.com/index.php/2018/05/19/how-the-wind-brought-ana-monteiro-back-to-cabo-verde-2

Ana Monteiro knows a thing or two…or three…about the world. She was born in Cabo Verde but has lived in many, many places, giving her a unique global view. “My mother worked for the UN and was transferred to many countries for work. I didn’t go with her to all of them, but I ended up living in the New York, Duala (Cameroon), Lisbon, Plymouth (UK), Worcester (US), San Francisco, and Praia (Cabo Verde),” she says.

Monteiro’s international upbringing has also given her insight into various social and environmental challenges facing the world. This insight has made her want to make a difference, and she is doing so as a scientist in her ancestral homeland, Cabo Verde. Monteiro works at wind energy concern Cabeólica where she is head of its Environment, Social and Administrative Department. Currently, Cabeólica has 30 turbines, providing 22 percent of Cape Verde’s electricity needs.

Cabeólica has made a major impact not only in Cabo Verde, but it has become a project admired worldwide. The company won a 2013 winner of the Ashden Award, the world’s leading prize for green energy. In 2011, it earned the Best Renewable Project in Africa Award at the Africa Energy Awards.

Monteiro talks energy and more with A Vontade Tours.

Q: When you came back to relocate in Praia, what prompted that decision? 
A: It was in 2008. I had finished my masters in Environmental Science and Policy with a focus in renewable energy at the University of Clark in Massachusetts, and had gone on to do an internship at the San Francisco Department of Environment for a year. During my internship, I was looking for a permanent job when I came across a renewable energy project in Cape Verde that interested me. The project was still in the development phase and I sent my resume to the developers, who were based in the UK, and I was hired as a junior developer and came to Cape Verde to start my new job.

Q: What prompted you to enter your field? 
A: It wasn’t my first choice. I wanted to be a marine biologist but I applied late to the college that at the time was one of the best in the UK for Marine Biology (Plymouth University). By the time I applied, they had filled up their vacancies for that course but asked me to join their Environmental Engineering and Science program, which they said I could take for a year and then transfer to Marine Biology. But I ended up preferring to continue with that course. During my year there I became very interested in climate change which then exposed me to renewable energy and that’s what I ended up focusing on. I went on to become interested in environmental policy and went on to do my masters in Environmental Science and Policy again with a focus on renewable energy and conducted my MA thesis on the potential of renewable energy in Cape Verde.

Q: Please explain your title and what you do? 
A: I spent roughly three years as a junior developer for of the renewable energy project, which became the Cabeólica Project. I then transferred to Cabeólica following the establishment of the company and have held the position of Head of Environment and Administration ever since.

In a nutshell, I develop and implement the company’s Environmental and Social Monitoring programs. I managed the project’s integration into the UNFCCC Clean Development Mechanism and now implement the CDM Monitoring Program as well as guarantee compliance with UNFCCC requirements and coordinate the company’s carbon credit sales. I am also responsible for the implementation of a quality standard system within the company; responsible for overall training and capacity building within the company, as well as coordinate other functional areas such as Health and Safety and Marketing.

Q: What have been the pluses of working in Praia? 
A: The pluses for me start with the fact that I am at home and closer to my immediate family. I also came to like the small town feel that permits you to build close and meaningful friendships quickly. Another great plus is the fact that, due to a number of things, there is time to do many things. You can go to the beach during your lunch break, camp on a deserted island, go whale watching, see your friends every day, scuba dive, participate in a carnival, etc., all in an effortless and inexpensive manner. And of course the weather is always nice — even during the rainy season it’s nice.

Q: Why do you feel CV is so far ahead in alternative energy? 
A: I think the traditional renewable energy methods such as wind, solar and hydro are currently so much a part of electricity production, especially when talking about wind in Cape Verde, that they are no longer alternative–it is part of the current norm. I would say that the country is ahead in terms of renewable energy penetration because Cape Verde, as a country, has a very clear and concise idea of where its future energy will come from. The country seeks sustainability and for a country that only has renewable sources of energy, it is evident for us that this is the path.

When the Cabeólica project came along it had huge support of the government and the people. The partners that came together to create the project that propelled Cape Verde into large scale renewable energy, provided the essential ingredients for a successful project which are: government will, technical know-how, capital to fund it, high standards and transparency.

Having already implemented a successful project, gave Cape Verde incentive to envision adopting methods to further exploit the abundant renewable sources. It helps that our size and energy demand allowed for a 30-turbine project to provide more than 20 percent of the country’s entire electricity demand.

Q: What do you enjoy the most about living in Praia?
A: The people.