博主猜測: 西班牙人口4,642萬, 佔地50萬平方公里, 有冠軍電池 Grabat Energy https://www.grabat.es/en
現時一般地區太陽能已能與火電同價, 在西班牙則可能比火電更低, 已經能夠給歐洲帶來能源獨立, 或者要告別撒哈拉太陽能了. 歐洲各國的人喜歡南下在西班牙買渡假屋, 用西班牙電和電池也就是可接受的了.
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy_in_the_European_Union#/media/File:SolarGIS-Solar-map-Europe-en.png
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圖文轉載自: http://en.rfi.fr/europe/20180728-france-portugal-spain-build-undersea-power-line
(L-R) French President Emmanuel Macron, Portuguese Prime Minister Antonio Costa and Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez at the Energy Interconnections Summit in Lisbon on July 27, 2018. PATRICIA DE MELO MOREIRA / AFP
The three countries agreed Friday to build a power
line in the Bay of Biscay (紅點)with the aim of integrating electricity links
between the Iberian Peninsula and Europe.
After a meeting in Lisbon,
leaders from the three countries announced a deal to finance
construction of a power line nearly 300 kilometres long in the Bay of
Biscay linking south-west France to northern Spain.
The European Commission said in a Friday statement that it will invest 578 million euros in the power line, “the largest ever awarded to an energy infrastructure project” by the EU.
The statement adds that the power line “will double by 2025 the exchange capacity between France and Spain”.
Portuguese Prime Minister Antonio Costa called the Bay of Biscay line "a very important step” at a joint press conference with French President Emmanuel Macron and Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez on Friday.
The Iberian countries hope the power line will allow their domestic energy companies to have a larger share in the EU electricity market. Just six percent of Spain’s electricity is currently interconnected with the EU, according to the European Commission, which has set a target of 15 percent for the coming years.
Renewable energy boost
Leaders from the three countries said the Lisbon deal also aims to increase renewable energy production and lower carbon emissions.
Portugal is one of the EU’s “leading countries in renewables”, according to the European Commission, with “more than half of electricity consumption” supplied by sources like hydro and wind since 2014. The country has also seen cases of “renewable power production surpassing total electricity consumption”.
The deal is part of the EU’s broader energy transition, according to Macron, who reiterated on Friday that France aims to close its coal plants by 2022.
Natural gas and EU energy sovereignty
In addition to the two natural gas pipelines linking the Iberian Peninsula to France through the Pyrenees mountain range, Madrid and Lisbon would like to be build another pipeline in Catalonia, the semi-autonomous region in Spain's northeast.
However, Reuters has reported that a study commissioned by the EU found the proposed pipeline in Catalonia would not be economically viable due to the projected high costs – three billion euros in total.
For France, the project’s budget is cause for concern. But Macron said he was open to developing natural gas and potentially building more pipelines, if “gas consumption in Europe remains significant”.
Building more pipelines in Europe would further the EU’s goal of increasing its energy independence.
According to the European Commission, the bloc imports 69 percent of its natural gas. In 2017, 37 percent was imported from Russia, and nearly 20 percent from Algeria and Qatar.
延伸閱讀: 西班牙的太陽能產業 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_in_Spain
西班牙東南部本納斯沙漠 (280 平方公里):
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabernas_Desert
The European Commission said in a Friday statement that it will invest 578 million euros in the power line, “the largest ever awarded to an energy infrastructure project” by the EU.
The statement adds that the power line “will double by 2025 the exchange capacity between France and Spain”.
Portuguese Prime Minister Antonio Costa called the Bay of Biscay line "a very important step” at a joint press conference with French President Emmanuel Macron and Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez on Friday.
The Iberian countries hope the power line will allow their domestic energy companies to have a larger share in the EU electricity market. Just six percent of Spain’s electricity is currently interconnected with the EU, according to the European Commission, which has set a target of 15 percent for the coming years.
Renewable energy boost
Leaders from the three countries said the Lisbon deal also aims to increase renewable energy production and lower carbon emissions.
Portugal is one of the EU’s “leading countries in renewables”, according to the European Commission, with “more than half of electricity consumption” supplied by sources like hydro and wind since 2014. The country has also seen cases of “renewable power production surpassing total electricity consumption”.
The deal is part of the EU’s broader energy transition, according to Macron, who reiterated on Friday that France aims to close its coal plants by 2022.
Natural gas and EU energy sovereignty
In addition to the two natural gas pipelines linking the Iberian Peninsula to France through the Pyrenees mountain range, Madrid and Lisbon would like to be build another pipeline in Catalonia, the semi-autonomous region in Spain's northeast.
However, Reuters has reported that a study commissioned by the EU found the proposed pipeline in Catalonia would not be economically viable due to the projected high costs – three billion euros in total.
For France, the project’s budget is cause for concern. But Macron said he was open to developing natural gas and potentially building more pipelines, if “gas consumption in Europe remains significant”.
Building more pipelines in Europe would further the EU’s goal of increasing its energy independence.
According to the European Commission, the bloc imports 69 percent of its natural gas. In 2017, 37 percent was imported from Russia, and nearly 20 percent from Algeria and Qatar.
延伸閱讀: 西班牙的太陽能產業 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_in_Spain
西班牙東南部本納斯沙漠 (280 平方公里):
https://kknews.cc/zh-hk/travel/lzrlzz2.html
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由於資產貶值、營運衰退、財務支出增加，西班牙能源及工程大廠Abengoa去(2016)年大虧76億6,200萬歐元，較2015年財損多出6倍，於股東會宣布將出售其美國子公司AtlanticaYield、汽電共生廠A3T、燃氣複合循環發電廠Norte III及在墨西哥之Zapotillo水道以支付公司重整衍生之新債務。未來亦計畫出售其在墨西哥之複合循環發電廠A4T、西班牙Trajo醫院、迦納及印度清奈之海水淡化廠、南非太陽能電廠Khi及Xina Solar One、阿爾及利亞之太陽能－燃氣複合電廠Hassi R'Mel及海水淡化廠。轉載自: https://www.greentrade.org.tw/zh-hant/purchasing_info/西班牙能源大廠abengoa將出售美國及墨西哥資產-0
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| European Commission - Press release |
European solidarity on Energy: Better integration of the Iberian Peninsula into the EU energy market
Brussels, 27 July 2018
In the presence of the European Commission, the Prime Minister of Portugal António Costa, the President of France Emmanuel Macron, and the President of the government of Spain Pedro Sanchez will meet in Lisbon today to strengthen their regional cooperation in the framework of the Energy Union.
Leaders will take stock of the important progress achieved in better integrating the Iberian Peninsula into the internal energy market and will formally agree on ways to strengthen the regional cooperation between Spain, France and Portugal.
European Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker said: "Today's event shows the value of European solidarity and regional unity. By agreeing on steps forward to complete the energy interconnections between France, Portugal and Spain and ways to enhance our regional cooperation, we are strengthening the security of energy supply across Europe, and delivering on our promise to make Europe number one on clean energy and renewables. The world looks to us for leadership in these turbulent times. Let's show just how much unity can achieve.”
Commissioner Miguel Arias Cañete said: "This summit will showcase the commitment of the Juncker Commission to get the hardware of the Energy Union built on the ground and make a difference. A solid and resilient energy infrastructure is also essential to encourage regional action in new areas, such as renewables and energy efficiency. This will help us deliver on our Paris Agreement commitments. I am particularly pleased by the signing of a grant agreement for the power line crossing the Bay of Biscay, the largest investment in energy infrastructure under Connecting Europe Facility ever awarded. It is good for Spain and Portugal, good for France, and good for Europe”.
Commissioner for Climate Action and Energy Miguel Arias Cañete will be present on behalf of the Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker. The Vice-President of the European Investment Bank Emma Navarro will also attend the meeting.
Since the Juncker Commission took office, the integration of the Iberian Peninsula into the internal energy market has been a priority. By supporting the construction of the necessary infrastructure, the EU's goal is to end the energy isolation of this part of Europe, whilst improving energy security, giving consumers more choice, and spurring economic growth and jobs. These interconnections are also essential for renewable energy sources to thrive and make Europe world number one in renewable energy.
Underlining the EU's willingness to complete the Energy Union and fulfil its commitments under the Paris agreement, the leaders will sign the Lisbon Declaration that clearly sets out the way forward. It builds on the Madrid Declaration from March 2015 which launched the integration process and set up a High Level Group chaired by the Commission to steer progress. A grant agreement for the power line crossing the Bay of Biscay totalling €578 million, will also be signed at the occasion. It will be the largest Connecting Europe Facility investment ever awarded to an energy infrastructure project. With 280 kilometres of electricity interconnection, the link will double by 2025 the exchange capacity between France and Spain and bring Spain closer to the 15% interconnection target contained in the new regulation on the governance of the Energy Union.
Background
The lack of sufficient interconnection capacity remains an obstacle for the creation of an electricity market in South-West Europe and has prevented Iberian energy companies from fully participating in the EU electricity market. With an interconnection capacity of only 6,000 MW, Spain and with it, Portugal remains largely an energy island that does not participate fully in the European electricity market. This interconnection capacity also puts them behind the 15% interconnection target contained in the recently adopted regulation on the Governance of the Energy Union. Since the Juncker Commission took office, energy interconnections between the Iberian Peninsula and the EU internal market have been boosted considerably.
Examples of progress:
In addition to the financing opportunities provided to infrastructure projects of common interest (PCIs) under the energy window of the Connecting Europe Facility (CEF) and the European Structural and Investment Funds, the European Fund for Strategic Investment (EFSI) (the so-called “Juncker Plan”) supports key interconnection projects, therefore accelerating and complementing the current structure of European financial assistance. The proposals for the next EU budget for 2021-2027 include a new energy window under the Connecting Europe Facility, with a budget close to 1 billion euro (€865 million), to nurture Member States cooperation on cross-border renewables projects.
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新华社里斯本７月２８日电（记者 章亚东 张柯）葡萄牙、西班牙和法国２７日在葡萄牙首都里斯本举行的第二届能源互联峰会上正式签署了三国能源互联协议。
根据协议，西葡两国同欧洲的能源互联水平到２０２０年达到１０％，２０３０年达到１５％。此外，欧盟委员会将投资５．７亿欧元在西班牙以北的比斯开湾建造一个用于连接西班牙、葡萄牙和法国的电力互联项目。
早在２０１５年初，三国政府就签署了一揽子能源合作计划。分析人士认为，相关计划将加快欧盟内部的能源联网进程，使欧盟能源需求逐步减少对外部地区的依赖。欧盟计划在２０２０年达到其１０％的电力和天然气供应实现联网。
葡萄牙总理科斯塔、西班牙首相桑切斯和法国总统马克龙在会后举行了联合新闻发布会。马克龙表示，最晚到２０２２年，法国将关闭所有煤电厂。
科斯塔说，葡萄牙计划到２０２０年使清洁能源占比超过６０％，葡萄牙在逐步减少煤电行业投入的同时寻求清洁能源出口。他表示，在能源互联网上的投资对获取更便宜、清洁和安全的能源至关重要。
桑切斯也表示，向清洁能源转型是西班牙的目标，西班牙将在保障国家安全的前提下进一步降低能源成本。Source: http://www.xinhuanet.com/fortune/2018-07/28/c_1123190631.htm
European Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker said: "Today's event shows the value of European solidarity and regional unity. By agreeing on steps forward to complete the energy interconnections between France, Portugal and Spain and ways to enhance our regional cooperation, we are strengthening the security of energy supply across Europe, and delivering on our promise to make Europe number one on clean energy and renewables. The world looks to us for leadership in these turbulent times. Let's show just how much unity can achieve.”
Commissioner Miguel Arias Cañete said: "This summit will showcase the commitment of the Juncker Commission to get the hardware of the Energy Union built on the ground and make a difference. A solid and resilient energy infrastructure is also essential to encourage regional action in new areas, such as renewables and energy efficiency. This will help us deliver on our Paris Agreement commitments. I am particularly pleased by the signing of a grant agreement for the power line crossing the Bay of Biscay, the largest investment in energy infrastructure under Connecting Europe Facility ever awarded. It is good for Spain and Portugal, good for France, and good for Europe”.
Commissioner for Climate Action and Energy Miguel Arias Cañete will be present on behalf of the Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker. The Vice-President of the European Investment Bank Emma Navarro will also attend the meeting.
Since the Juncker Commission took office, the integration of the Iberian Peninsula into the internal energy market has been a priority. By supporting the construction of the necessary infrastructure, the EU's goal is to end the energy isolation of this part of Europe, whilst improving energy security, giving consumers more choice, and spurring economic growth and jobs. These interconnections are also essential for renewable energy sources to thrive and make Europe world number one in renewable energy.
Underlining the EU's willingness to complete the Energy Union and fulfil its commitments under the Paris agreement, the leaders will sign the Lisbon Declaration that clearly sets out the way forward. It builds on the Madrid Declaration from March 2015 which launched the integration process and set up a High Level Group chaired by the Commission to steer progress. A grant agreement for the power line crossing the Bay of Biscay totalling €578 million, will also be signed at the occasion. It will be the largest Connecting Europe Facility investment ever awarded to an energy infrastructure project. With 280 kilometres of electricity interconnection, the link will double by 2025 the exchange capacity between France and Spain and bring Spain closer to the 15% interconnection target contained in the new regulation on the governance of the Energy Union.
Background
The lack of sufficient interconnection capacity remains an obstacle for the creation of an electricity market in South-West Europe and has prevented Iberian energy companies from fully participating in the EU electricity market. With an interconnection capacity of only 6,000 MW, Spain and with it, Portugal remains largely an energy island that does not participate fully in the European electricity market. This interconnection capacity also puts them behind the 15% interconnection target contained in the recently adopted regulation on the Governance of the Energy Union. Since the Juncker Commission took office, energy interconnections between the Iberian Peninsula and the EU internal market have been boosted considerably.
Examples of progress:
- Biscay Bay line: with 280 kilometres of electricity interconnection, it will double by 2025 the exchange capacity between France and Spain, bring Spain closer to the 10% interconnection target set by the European Council (from the current level of 6%) and will integrate the whole Iberian Peninsula into the internal electricity market. At Lisbon, it was awarded €578 million in Connecting Europe Facility-Energy grants, the largest ever awarded to an energy infrastructure project.
- Santa-Llogaia-Baixas/INELFE project: the completion in June 2017 of the phase-shifter transformer in Arkale, Spain, enabled the full utilisation of the Santa-Llogaia-Baixas interconnection between Spain and France, doubling the electricity interconnection capacity between both countries. These investments co-financed by the European Commission made it possible for Spain to help France and show solidarity during periods of supply-demand stress during the winter of 2017.
- Interconnection project between Spain and Portugal (Ponte Lima – Vila Nova Famalicão - Recarei (PT) and Beariz - Fontefría (ES)): it will allow Portugal to attain the 10% level of interconnections by increasing the current interconnection capacity level to 3.2 GW. The commissioning date of the project is planned by 2021.
- Pyrenean crossings: two projects to increase the electricity interconnection capacity between Spain and France across the Pyrenees are under consideration. A first link concerns Cantegrit in France and Navarra in Spain, and the other one Marsillon in France and Aragón in Spain.
- Val de Saône gas pipeline: it will contribute to Spanish and Portuguese access to the European Gas Market when completed by end 2018.
- STEP project: aims at increasing the bidirectional flows between the Iberian Peninsula and France and improve the interconnection with the internal gas market through the development of the Eastern gas axis, including a third interconnection point between Spain and Portugal.
In addition to the financing opportunities provided to infrastructure projects of common interest (PCIs) under the energy window of the Connecting Europe Facility (CEF) and the European Structural and Investment Funds, the European Fund for Strategic Investment (EFSI) (the so-called “Juncker Plan”) supports key interconnection projects, therefore accelerating and complementing the current structure of European financial assistance. The proposals for the next EU budget for 2021-2027 include a new energy window under the Connecting Europe Facility, with a budget close to 1 billion euro (€865 million), to nurture Member States cooperation on cross-border renewables projects.
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新华社里斯本７月２８日电（记者 章亚东 张柯）葡萄牙、西班牙和法国２７日在葡萄牙首都里斯本举行的第二届能源互联峰会上正式签署了三国能源互联协议。
根据协议，西葡两国同欧洲的能源互联水平到２０２０年达到１０％，２０３０年达到１５％。此外，欧盟委员会将投资５．７亿欧元在西班牙以北的比斯开湾建造一个用于连接西班牙、葡萄牙和法国的电力互联项目。
早在２０１５年初，三国政府就签署了一揽子能源合作计划。分析人士认为，相关计划将加快欧盟内部的能源联网进程，使欧盟能源需求逐步减少对外部地区的依赖。欧盟计划在２０２０年达到其１０％的电力和天然气供应实现联网。
葡萄牙总理科斯塔、西班牙首相桑切斯和法国总统马克龙在会后举行了联合新闻发布会。马克龙表示，最晚到２０２２年，法国将关闭所有煤电厂。
科斯塔说，葡萄牙计划到２０２０年使清洁能源占比超过６０％，葡萄牙在逐步减少煤电行业投入的同时寻求清洁能源出口。他表示，在能源互联网上的投资对获取更便宜、清洁和安全的能源至关重要。
桑切斯也表示，向清洁能源转型是西班牙的目标，西班牙将在保障国家安全的前提下进一步降低能源成本。Source: http://www.xinhuanet.com/fortune/2018-07/28/c_1123190631.htm
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