2018-04-18 电缆网 https://www.china5e.com/news/news-1026826-1.html
中国科学家已经开发出一种三维空心圆锥结构的新装置，可以大大提高太阳能热转换效率。
新华社援引文章的原句，装置内部有一条特殊的一维水路，可以减少传导过程中的能量损失。
与平面设备相比，基于氧化石墨烯膜的锥体结构可以在一整天收集更多的阳光，因为约10%-50%的阳光是漫射性的。因此它在现实世界中比在实验室中表现得更好。
因此，新装置可以将太阳能热转换率提高到85%，远远高于普通设备的40%。
由于辐射、对流和传导损失导致太阳能热转换率低，所以许多应用领域已经避免使用太阳能。然而新装置将为太阳能利用提供新的可能性。
科学家团队首次将这种结构应用于太阳能废水处理。测试表明，它不仅可以回收清洁水，还可以回收铜和镉等重金属。
文章称，未来3D圆锥结构可进一步优化，从而延长使用寿命并回收更多重金属。
3D圆锥结构新装置可使太阳能热转换率提至85%
新装置被朱嘉及其南京大学团队命名为“人工蒸腾”，其灵感来自于树木的蒸腾过程。文章最近发表在中国科学院附属的英文杂志“国家科学评论”上。新华社援引文章的原句，装置内部有一条特殊的一维水路，可以减少传导过程中的能量损失。
与平面设备相比，基于氧化石墨烯膜的锥体结构可以在一整天收集更多的阳光，因为约10%-50%的阳光是漫射性的。因此它在现实世界中比在实验室中表现得更好。
因此，新装置可以将太阳能热转换率提高到85%，远远高于普通设备的40%。
由于辐射、对流和传导损失导致太阳能热转换率低，所以许多应用领域已经避免使用太阳能。然而新装置将为太阳能利用提供新的可能性。
科学家团队首次将这种结构应用于太阳能废水处理。测试表明，它不仅可以回收清洁水，还可以回收铜和镉等重金属。
文章称，未来3D圆锥结构可进一步优化，从而延长使用寿命并回收更多重金属。
Scientists develop 3D conic device to increase solar-thermal conversion
Xinhua 2018-04-16 http://europe.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201804/16/WS5ad4035da3105cdcf65186c5.html
BEIJING -- Chinese scientists have developed a new device of 3D
hollow-cone structure that can greatly increase the solar-thermal
conversion efficiency.
The device, named artificial transpiration by Zhu Jia and his team from Nanjing University, is inspired by the transpiration processes of trees, according to an article published online recently by National Science Review, a English journal affiliated with Chinese Academy of Sciences.
It has a special 1D water path within it, which can reduce the energy loss in conduction, the article said.
The cone structure, based on graphene oxide film, can collect more sunlight throughout the day compared with a flat device, as about 10 percent to 50 percent of sunlight is diffusive. Thus it performs even better in the real world than in the laboratory, it said.
As a result, the device can enhance the solar-thermal conversion rate to 85 percent, much higher than the 40 percent of common devices, it said.
Solar power has been refrained from being applied in many sectors due to its low conversion rate caused by losses in radiation, convection and conduction. The device will open new possibilities to utilize solar energy.
Zhu's team first applied this structure to solar waste-water treatment, and the test showed that it could not only retrieve clean water but also recycle heavy metals such as copper and cadmium.
In the future, the structure can be further optimized to have a longer life time and recycle more heavy metals, the article said.
The device, named artificial transpiration by Zhu Jia and his team from Nanjing University, is inspired by the transpiration processes of trees, according to an article published online recently by National Science Review, a English journal affiliated with Chinese Academy of Sciences.
It has a special 1D water path within it, which can reduce the energy loss in conduction, the article said.
The cone structure, based on graphene oxide film, can collect more sunlight throughout the day compared with a flat device, as about 10 percent to 50 percent of sunlight is diffusive. Thus it performs even better in the real world than in the laboratory, it said.
As a result, the device can enhance the solar-thermal conversion rate to 85 percent, much higher than the 40 percent of common devices, it said.
Solar power has been refrained from being applied in many sectors due to its low conversion rate caused by losses in radiation, convection and conduction. The device will open new possibilities to utilize solar energy.
Zhu's team first applied this structure to solar waste-water treatment, and the test showed that it could not only retrieve clean water but also recycle heavy metals such as copper and cadmium.
In the future, the structure can be further optimized to have a longer life time and recycle more heavy metals, the article said.
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