歐洲煤的使用 (2015-06-08 13:15:58)

...By the 1680s, Britain was importing more than half its iron from more luxuriously wooded countries like Sweden, and that dependency continued throughout much of the next century...It was not until the mid-1780s that the technology had advanced enough to allow the industry to use coke for all stages of iron production, both cast and wrought. Britain had taken another major step out of the woods. p.65 - 66 " It was common to attribute the relative industrial and military weakness of other European nations, and especially of France, to their relative lack of coal. Harvard professor of plant morphology E.C. Jeffrey opined in 1925 that "the so-called decadence of certain of the European races is clearly not due to any real degeneracy衰弱, but rather to poverty of resources in coal. This is notable true of the Latin races and is only less obviously the case for those Nordic nations which are without the indispensable mineral of our modern civilization." (He also offhandedly dismissed the troubles of Ireland on the nations's lack of coal rather than on oppression by the British.) p.156 Quotations from the following book:

Bib ID	002749384
Call Number	622.3309 FRE
Author	Freese, Barbara (Barbara E.)
Physical Description	337 p., [8] p. of plates : ill. ; 20 cm.
Place of Publication	London :
Publisher	Arrow Books,
Publication Year	2006.
Subject	Coal mines and mining -- History. Coal -- Social aspects.
Standard No.	0099478846 (pbk.) 9780099478843 (pbk.)
Notes	First published in 2005 by William Heinemann.